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目的分析2008—2015年湖南省手足口病暴发疫情的流行特点,为今后手足口病防控工作提供参考。方法收集2008—2015年湖南省手足口病暴发疫情资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2008—2015年湖南省共发生手足口病暴发疫情48起,发病768例,重症10例,死亡1例;发病数位居前三的是常德(32.4%,249/768)、湘西州(29.3%,225/768)、娄底(13.7%,105/768)。暴发疫情主要发生在幼儿园(85.4%,41/43);高峰时段在3—5月和10—12月;男女之比为1.5:1,年龄中位数为3岁,患儿主要为幼托儿童(86.8%,666/767);2008、2010、2012、2014和2015年以EV-A71为主,2009、2011和2013年以Cox A16为主。手足口病暴发疫情措施反应时间与疫情持续时间呈正相关(r=0.51,P=0.001),与发病人数(r=0.13,P=0.420)无关。结论湖南省手足口病防控重点地区是常德、湘西州和娄底,重点场所是幼儿园,防控关键期在3—5月和10—12月,重点人群为3岁幼托儿童,及早发现与处置疫情是控制手足口病暴发疫情的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease outbreak in Hunan province from 2008 to 2015, and provide references for prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease in the future. Methods The data of outbreaks of HFMD in Hunan Province during 2008-2015 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results There were 48 outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease in Hunan province from 2008 to 2015, including 768 cases of severe HFMD, 10 severe cases and 1 death. Among the top three cases, Changde (32.4%, 249/768) 29.3%, 225/768), Loudi (13.7%, 105/768). Outbreaks occurred mainly in kindergartens (85.4%, 41/43); in peak periods from March to May and from October to December; the ratio of men to women was 1.5: 1, the median age was 3 years and the majority were children Children (86.8%, 666/767); EV-A71 mainly in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2015 and Cox A16 in 2009, 2011 and 2013 respectively. The response time of HFMD outbreak was positively correlated with the duration of the outbreak (r = 0.51, P = 0.001), but not with the number of patients (r = 0.13, P = 0.420). Conclusions Key areas of hand, foot and mouth disease prevention and control in Hunan Province are Changde, Xiangxi and Loudi. The key places are kindergartens. The key prevention and control periods are from March to May and from October to December. The key population is 3-year-old preschool child. Disposal of outbreaks is the key to controlling the outbreak of hand-foot-mouth disease.