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目前,地震速报预警是优于地震预测预报的防震减灾工具,其服务供给机制应当区分两种模式,“点对面”模式由政府通过自建网络或向企业采购后对社会发布信息,“点对点”模式则交由市场自由竞争,政府适当监管。由于速报预警的技术误差无法完全消除,预警不当触发可能造成严重后果,政府必须对该种技术风险予以规制,具体规制方式包括强制信息披露、设定服务标准和行政许可。当预警触发不当引发法律责任时,政府可能承担国家赔偿和国家补偿责任;企业面向公众可能承担违约责任或侵权责任,面向政府则可能承担公私混合责任,但企业可以通过保险机制分散部分责任。
At present, the earthquake early warning is better than earthquake prediction and prevention tools for disaster prevention and mitigation, and its service supply mechanism should be divided into two modes, “opposite point ” model by the government through self-built network or procurement to the business after the release of information to the community, “Peer to Peer ” mode is left to the market free competition, the government proper supervision. As the technical error of early warning can not be completely eliminated, the improper triggering of warning can have serious consequences. The government must regulate such technological risk. The specific regulation methods include compulsory information disclosure, setting of service standards and administrative permission. When improper triggering triggers legal liability, the government may bear state compensation and national compensation liability. Enterprises may bear the liability for breach of contract or infringement for the public. For the government, the government may assume the responsibility of public-private combination. However, the enterprise may disperse part of the responsibility through the insurance mechanism.