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随着计算机的发展和广泛应用,计算机系统的故障诊断和维护技术也在不断发展。从人工诊断到自动测试,概念和方法不断充实、更新,出现了功能测试、结构测试、随机测试等测试方法和诊断检查程序、自动测试仪等测试手段,从而提高和保证了计算机的可靠性。另外,容错技术与诊断技术结合,将使得计算机系统即使有故障也能维持正常工作。微机系统由于器件内部结构复杂,可观性、可控性较差,因此通常采用功能测试法进行故障检测。按功能测试原理编制的自检程序,通过检测机器的功能来判断机器的好坏。它利用计算机的指令系统,编制许多小的功能检查程序段来依次检测各部件的功能,将实测结果与预定的正确结果比较,判别其功能的正确性。微机系统的自诊断项目包括CPU、存贮器、接口和通道、外围设备等硬件以及系统ROM、磁盘、磁带中存放的软件。如CPU的功能自检是看它能否正
With the development and widespread application of computers, the fault diagnosis and maintenance technologies of computer systems are also evolving. From manual to automatic diagnostic test, concepts and methods and constantly enrich and update the emergence of functional testing, structural testing, random testing and other diagnostic testing methods and inspection procedures, automatic test instrument, such as testing methods, in order to enhance and ensure the reliability of the computer. In addition, the combination of fault-tolerant technology and diagnostic technology will allow the computer system to remain functional even in the event of a malfunction. Microcomputer system due to the internal structure of the device is complex, observability, poor controllability, it is usually the function of the test method for fault detection. According to the principle of functional testing prepared by the self-test program, by testing the function of the machine to determine the quality of the machine. It uses the instruction set computer, the preparation of many small blocks sequentially functional check of each detection member, the measured results were compared with a predetermined correct result, determination of the correctness of its function. Computer system self-diagnostic items include CPU, memory, interfaces and channels, peripherals and other hardware and system ROM, disk, tape stored in the software. Such as CPU function self-test is to see if it can be positive