Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by rapid renal deterioration with high morbidity and mortality. Renal reperfusion (IRI), renal toxicity and sepsis are the main causes of AKI. IRI is one of the main causes of acute kidney injury in clinic, accounting for 75％ of all the causes of AKI [1]. The fatality rate of AKI caused by IRI is high, and the surviving patients may leave chronic renal impairment with different degrees [2]. A number of studies have shown that ischemia-reperfusion injury leading to renal dysfunction is directly related to oxidative stress, and the inhibition of oxidative stress through nod-like/toll-like signaling pathway can reduce acute renal injury. This review summarizes the research progress in regulating oxidative stress and the relationship between innate immune receptors and acute renal injury.