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1 前言 近20年来,随着电站锅炉向高参数、大容量的发展和大型石化容器设备的更新换代,采用的板材越来越厚,使用条件日益苛刻,对产品质量的要求不断提高。普通的埋弧焊、电渣焊工艺方法很难满足厚壁高压特殊容器的技术要求。为此世界各工业发达国家先后开发并应用窄间隙埋弧焊工艺。窄间隙埋弧焊与普通埋弧焊相比具有许多优点:熔敷金属较少,节约焊接材料和电能,提高焊接生产效率;焊缝金属的物理—化学均一性较高,改善了焊接接头的力学性能,降低了焊接线能量和熔敷金属量;焊接应力与变形较小,热影响区宽度小,焊接质量高。
1 Foreword In recent 20 years, with the development of high-parameter and large-capacity power plant boilers and the upgrading of large-scale petrochemical vessel equipment, more and more thicker plates are used, the conditions of use are increasingly harsh, and the requirements for product quality are constantly increasing. Ordinary submerged arc welding, electroslag welding process is difficult to meet the technical requirements of thick-walled high pressure special containers. To this end the world’s industrialized countries have developed and applied narrow gap submerged arc welding technology. Compared with ordinary submerged arc welding, narrow gap submerged arc welding has many advantages: less deposited metal, saving welding materials and electric energy and improving welding production efficiency; higher physical-chemical homogeneity of weld metal improves weld joint Mechanical properties, reducing the welding line energy and deposited metal; welding stress and deformation is small, heat-affected zone width is small, high-quality welding.