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直接保障主义是指自由和权利应受宪法直接保障的观点。诚如“受宪法之保障”、“不得以法律限制”所示,并不带有法律保留。与直接保障主义相对的是间接保障主义,如“非依法律,不得限制之”所示,带有法律保留。直接保障主义与间接保障主义的这两种观点,在20世纪30年代起草中华民国宪法草案的过程中被提出,提出者分别是张知本和吴经熊。引人关注的是,尽管1936年“五五宪草”采用了间接保障主义,1947年的中华民国宪法却采取了直接保障主义,如何在中国近现代政治思想史的脉络中理解这一变化的含义,特别是在中国近现代史中,直接保障主义这一主张又是如何和当时世界的宪政潮流产生关联的。本论文将结合张知本的对日观,考察其主张的直接保障主义和世界宪政潮流的关系。
Direct protectionism refers to the view that freedom and rights should be directly guaranteed by the Constitution. Just as “under the protection of the Constitution”, “shall not be limited by law ”, without legal reservation. Opposite to direct protectionism is indirect protectionism, as shown in “Not law, no limitation ”, with legal reservation. These two kinds of views on direct protectionism and indirect protectionism were proposed in the drafting of the draft Constitution of the Republic of China in the 1930s. The proponents were Zhang Zhiben and Wu Jingxiong respectively. What attracts people’s attention is that despite the indirect protectionism adopted in the “May-May Constitution” in 1936, the ROC’s Constitution of 1947 adopted direct protectionism and understood this in the context of the history of modern Chinese political thought The meaning of change, especially in the modern history of China, is how the claim of direct protectionism is related to the current constitutional trend in the world. This thesis will combine Zhang Zhiben’s concept of daily life to examine the relationship between its claim of direct protectionism and world constitutional trend.