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众所周知,18世纪发生在欧洲的一场重大思想、文化运动,其特征是深信人类知识能够解决现存的基本问题。欧洲古老的城市维也纳在这一运动中,不仅体现出了浓郁的启蒙运动思想氛围,维也纳的政治、艺术生活等方面也都受到了深深的影响。特别是奥地利社会发生的变革,一方面,奥地利女王玛丽娅·泰蕾西娅(Maria Theresa,1717—1780)与她的儿子———继任的国王和一起共同摄政的约瑟夫二世(JosephII,1741—1790)对神圣罗马帝国(德意志帝国)实行了改革。
As is known to all, a major ideological and cultural movement that took place in Europe in the 18th century is characterized by the conviction that human knowledge can solve the existing basic problems. The ancient European city of Vienna, in this movement, not only embodies the rich atmosphere of Enlightenment thinking, but also deeply affects Vienna’s political and artistic life. Especially the changes that took place in the Austrian society. On the one hand, the Austrian Queen Maria Theresa (1717-1780) and her son, the successor king and the co-regent Joseph II (1741) -1790) Reformed the Holy Roman Empire (German Empire).