民主的课堂教学要使学生学习知识、学会学习，归根到底是要学会思维。学会思维的第一步是敢于并能够发现问题，然后运用科学的思维方式去分析、推理并提出自己的见解。对此，教师应在教学中积极予以引导和鼓励，提倡思维无“禁区”，提倡学生向教师“发难”，提倡不同意见的争 In democratic classroom teaching, students should learn knowledge and learn to learn, and in the final analysis, they should learn to think. The first step in learning to think is to be courageous and able to spot problems, and then use scientific ways of thinking to analyze, reason, and present your own opinions. In this regard, teachers should be actively guided and encouraged in teaching, advocating no thinking “forbidden zone” to promote students to teachers “attack” to promote different views of the controversy