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采用Griffing方法I,利用 6× 6完全双列杂交 ,对冬小麦 5个产量性状的配合力、基因效应及遗传组成进行了研究。结果表明 :①品种的GCA效应与其产量性状高度相关 ,SCA效应与F1的产量表现高度相关。②株高、单株成穗的遗传受基因加性、非加性和母体效应的共同作用 ,以加性效应占优势 ;千粒重和单株产量的遗传决定于基因加性效应和非加性效应 ;而穗粒数的遗传纯由加性效应控制。③株高和千粒重的遗传方差中 ,加性方差所占比例分别为 85.75%和 6 7.72 % ,其遗传决定度也较高 ,分别达 76 .4 5%和 6 9.31% ;而单株成穗和单株产量的遗传受显性基因作用较大 ,其狭义遗传力分别只有 33.0 4 %和 10 .71%。
Griffing method I was used to study the combining ability, gene effect and genetic composition of five yield traits in winter wheat using 6 × 6 complete diallel cross. The results showed that: ① GCA effect of cultivars was highly correlated with yield traits, and SCA effect was highly correlated with F1 yield traits. ② The plant height and the heading of a single plant were inherited by gene additive, non-additive and maternal effects, which were dominated by additive effect. The inheritance of 1000-grain weight and yield per plant was determined by gene additive effect and non-additive effect The genetic effect of grain number per spike was controlled by additive effect. ③ The hereditary variance of plant height and 1000-grain weight accounted for 85.75% and 6 7.72% of additive variance, respectively, and their genetic determinants were also higher, reaching 76.45% and 6 9.31% respectively. The inheritance of single plant yield was dominated by the dominant gene, and the narrow heritability was only 33.0% and 10.71%, respectively.