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目的 分析儿童、青少年的血脂指标遗传度及影响因素。方法 选择 5～ 19岁双生子2 36对 ,平均年龄 (11 2± 3 4 )岁 ,其中同卵双生子 14 3对 ,异卵双生子 93对。在DNA卵性鉴定基础上 ,以组内相关系数法及Falconer公式计算调整年龄性别前后的遗传度 ,偏态数据进行对数转换 ;校正年龄性别 ,分析相关体格、生化指标对血脂的影响。结果 同卵与异卵双生子间甘油三酯对内方差及相关系数的差异均无显著性 ;总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)和脂蛋白 (a)对内方差及相关系数的差异有显著性 ,遗传度估计值分别为 0 5 6、0 5 5、0 4 9和 0 5 8,调整年龄性别后各指标估计遗传度分别为 0 6 3、0 6 3、0 5 5和 0 6 4。总胆固醇、HDL C、LDL C和脂蛋白(a)与年龄呈负相关 ;女孩的总胆固醇、HDL C、LDL C稍高于男孩。校正年龄性别后除脂蛋白 (a)外各血脂指标多数与体重指数、体脂率及培利迪西指数相关 ,与血压、血糖和血钙等也有相关性。结论 总胆固醇、HDL C、LDL C和脂蛋白 (a)受遗传因素影响较大 ,而甘油三酯主要受环境因素影响。儿童的血脂水平受年龄和性别的影响 ,与反映体脂和机体营养发育的指标相关。
Objective To analyze the inheritance of blood lipid index and its influencing factors in children and adolescents. Methods Twelve twin children aged 5-19 years old were selected, with an average age of (11 2 ± 3 4) years, including 143 pairs of identical twins and 93 pairs of fraternal twins. On the basis of DNA oocyte identification, the genetic coefficient before and after adjusting for age and gender was calculated by the correlation coefficient method and Falconer formula in the group, and the skewed data was logarithmically transformed. The age and gender were analyzed to analyze the influence of physical and biochemical indexes on blood lipid. Results There was no significant difference in the intra-variance and the correlation coefficient between triglycerides between identical and fraternal twins. The levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C) and lipoprotein (a) There is significant difference between the internal variance and the correlation coefficient, the estimated genetic heritages are 0 5 6, 0 5 5, 0 4 9 and 0 5 8 respectively. The adjusted heritabilities of each index after adjusting for age and sex are respectively 0 6 3,0 6 3,0 5 5 and 0 6 4. Total cholesterol, HDL C, LDL C and lipoprotein (a) were negatively correlated with age; girls had slightly higher total cholesterol, HDL C and LDL C than boys. Correction of age and sex after lipoprotein (a) outside of most of the lipid indicators with the body mass index, body fat rate and the Peugeot West index, and blood pressure, blood glucose and blood calcium are also related. Conclusion Total cholesterol, HDL C, LDL C and lipoprotein (a) are greatly affected by genetic factors, while triglycerides are mainly affected by environmental factors. Children’s blood lipid levels are influenced by age and gender, and are related to indicators reflecting the development of body fat and body nutrition.