首钢是国营大中型企业锐意改革的一个典型。首钢改革十余年创造了不少成功的改革经验,其核心就是坚持以承包为本,把企业对国家承担的经济责任、国家下放给企业的自主权以及完成承包任务后应得到的利益有机地结合起来,通过完善的承包制,层层责权利结合,一直落实到每个劳动者。首钢的改革,充分调动了广大职工的主人翁责任感和积极性,解决了全民所有制企业如何真正做到职工群众当家作主搞活企业的大难题。首钢的改革也证明了他们提出的“藏富于企业”的观点是正确的。在旧经济体制下,企业利润全部上交,连简单的再生产也难以维持,企业的产品少、效益低、消耗高,社会供需矛盾突出。国家不得不主要依靠铺新摊子搞建设,使国民经济处于恶性循环之中,生产力发展缓慢,不能充分发挥社会主义的优越性。通过改革让企业具有自我发展的能力,靠自己多创多留,不断增加资金积累,不断地投入,不断地产出,不断地增殖,象“滚雪球”一样,资金越聚越多,生产规模也就越来越扩大,使企业真正成为不断创造新财富的源泉,国家也就能更快地富强起来。那种把“藏富于企业”看成是企业同国家争利,把企业富同国家富对立起来的观点,是个糊涂的观念。此文根据本刊在首钢召开座谈会的发言综述,对首钢的改革成就和经验作了概括的报道。这对当前国营大中型企业改革内部经营机制,打破“铁饭碗、铁交椅、铁工资”很有启示,值得一读。 Shougang is a typical state-owned large and medium-sized enterprise committed to reform. Shougang Reform has created quite a few successful reform experiences in the past ten years. The core of the reform is to insist on the principle of taking the contract as the basis, organically allocating the economic responsibility that the enterprise undertakes to the state, the autonomy of the state delegating to the enterprise and the benefits it should receive after completing the contracting task Taken together, through the perfect contract system, the combination of rights and interests at every level has been implemented to every worker. The reform of Shougang fully mobilized the sense of ownership and enthusiasm of the masters of the vast numbers of staff and workers and solved the major problem of how the state-owned enterprises should truly be the masters of the work of invigorating enterprises. Shougang’s reform also proved their point of view that “possession of wealth in the enterprise” is correct. Under the old economic system, all the profits of enterprises turned over, even the simple reproduction is difficult to maintain. The products of the enterprises are few, the benefits are low, the consumption is high, and the contradiction between supply and demand in society is outstanding. The state has to rely mainly on rebuilding its new stands for construction so that the national economy is in a vicious circle and its productive forces are developing at a slow pace so that they can not give full play to the superiority of socialism. Through the reform so that enterprises have the ability to self-development, to create more by their own stay, increasing capital accumulation, continue to invest, continue to produce, continue to proliferate, like “snowball ”, the more the more the more the capital, the scale of production Will be expanded more and more so that enterprises will truly become sources of continuous creation of new wealth and the country will become prosperous and prosperous more rapidly. It is a muddleheaded idea that “possession of wealth in enterprises” is viewed as a point of view that enterprises compete for profits with their country and oppose the enrichment of enterprises with their country’s wealth. According to the summary of the speech made by the journal at Shougang Symposium, this article gives a general report on Shougang’s achievements and experience in the reform. This is of great enlightenment to the reform of the internal operation mechanism of state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises and to breaking the “iron rice bowl, iron chairs and iron wages” and is worth reading.