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【摘要】本文針对目前高中英语词汇教学中存在的问题,论述优化词汇教学的方法——利用语境进行词汇教学,实现在语境中进行词汇学习,提高学生的语言应用能力。词汇教学要以培养学生的词汇使用为出发点来设计教学活动和任务,让学生在语境中学习词汇。
【关键词】高中英语;词汇教学;真实语境;语篇语境;文本语境;生活语境
词汇学习是语言学习的重要组成部分。词汇量的大小直接影响学生的听说读写能力的发展。当前,在高中英语课堂中教师普遍过于重视讲解单词、词义和用法的现象,使学生的词汇学习活动成为一个被动的接受过程,挫伤了学生学习的主动性和积极性,导致课堂气氛沉闷、教学效率低下,学生机械记忆单词,遗忘快、学习效率低。学生要摆脱低效的词汇学习状况,有效积累词汇,需要教师进行有效教学来促进学生词汇学习。下面结合人教版高中英语教材,对充分利用语境进行词汇教学,从而帮助学生扩大词汇量,提高学生语言应用能力进行探讨,并对在语境中进行词汇教学提出一些建议。
词汇的意义存在于特定的语境中,只有在上下文语境中词义才会明确和具体,如果脱离语境进行词汇教学,即使学生记住了词汇的形式和意义,也很难将其应用到实际交际活动中。因此,教师应结合学生的实际情况分析阅读材料和目标词汇,将词汇教学和语篇教学相融合。词汇主要得通过综合语言应用的各项实践活动才能被理解得深、用得活。
一、在话题导入环节,创设真实语境,引入新词
教师在话题导入时,通过创设与学生学习、生活相关的真实语境,有意识地引出阅读文章词汇。其次,让学生积极参与到教学活动中,并在真实的语境中恰当地应用所学的词汇。以NSEC教材Book 3 Unit1 Festival around the world为例,本单元节日的话题是学生很感兴趣的,教师给学生介绍话题时,可使用将要学习的词汇,如,festival, celebration, celebrate, custom, belief,ancestor, agricultural,feast, dress up, gather, clothing, firework,set off, take place, day and night,have fun with, in memory of, look forward to等。
T: What’s your favorite festival and why?
S1: I like spring festival best because all our family member will come back home and have a big meal to celebrate the new year. We will get some lucky money and wear new clothes.
T: I also like the spring festival which is our country’s traditional festival. It’s a time for family reunion and celebration. We get together to celebrate the coming of new year and find time to have fun with each other. When I was young, I looked forward to the spring festival. Can you talk about other traditional festival?
S2: The Dragon Boat Festival is my favorite festival.
T: Who is it in memory of ?
S2: A great poet, Qu Yuan.
T: What will people do?
S3: People will eat Zongzi and have a dragon boat race.
教师在此基础上创设语境,给学生三幅图,分别是春节、端午节、中秋节,让学生用所给词汇描述图片。围绕:What’s the festival? How do they celebrate? What do they do? 来描述这些节日。引导学生用这些词汇说出完整的句子和篇章,让学生在语境中学习和使用词汇。如:
1)The Spring Festival is the happiest festival in China. It may take place in February. It is on the first day of the first lunar month each year. Most family members get together and have a big meal on the eve of the Spring Festival. In Chinese custom, people often set off firework. It’s an important festival that all look forward to the Spring Festival.
2)Mid-autumn Festival is a time for family reunion. It falls on August 15th of the Lunar calendar. Family members get together to enjoy a big meal. At night, people will sit together, admire the moon and eat moon cakes.
【关键词】高中英语;词汇教学;真实语境;语篇语境;文本语境;生活语境
词汇学习是语言学习的重要组成部分。词汇量的大小直接影响学生的听说读写能力的发展。当前,在高中英语课堂中教师普遍过于重视讲解单词、词义和用法的现象,使学生的词汇学习活动成为一个被动的接受过程,挫伤了学生学习的主动性和积极性,导致课堂气氛沉闷、教学效率低下,学生机械记忆单词,遗忘快、学习效率低。学生要摆脱低效的词汇学习状况,有效积累词汇,需要教师进行有效教学来促进学生词汇学习。下面结合人教版高中英语教材,对充分利用语境进行词汇教学,从而帮助学生扩大词汇量,提高学生语言应用能力进行探讨,并对在语境中进行词汇教学提出一些建议。
词汇的意义存在于特定的语境中,只有在上下文语境中词义才会明确和具体,如果脱离语境进行词汇教学,即使学生记住了词汇的形式和意义,也很难将其应用到实际交际活动中。因此,教师应结合学生的实际情况分析阅读材料和目标词汇,将词汇教学和语篇教学相融合。词汇主要得通过综合语言应用的各项实践活动才能被理解得深、用得活。
一、在话题导入环节,创设真实语境,引入新词
教师在话题导入时,通过创设与学生学习、生活相关的真实语境,有意识地引出阅读文章词汇。其次,让学生积极参与到教学活动中,并在真实的语境中恰当地应用所学的词汇。以NSEC教材Book 3 Unit1 Festival around the world为例,本单元节日的话题是学生很感兴趣的,教师给学生介绍话题时,可使用将要学习的词汇,如,festival, celebration, celebrate, custom, belief,ancestor, agricultural,feast, dress up, gather, clothing, firework,set off, take place, day and night,have fun with, in memory of, look forward to等。
T: What’s your favorite festival and why?
S1: I like spring festival best because all our family member will come back home and have a big meal to celebrate the new year. We will get some lucky money and wear new clothes.
T: I also like the spring festival which is our country’s traditional festival. It’s a time for family reunion and celebration. We get together to celebrate the coming of new year and find time to have fun with each other. When I was young, I looked forward to the spring festival. Can you talk about other traditional festival?
S2: The Dragon Boat Festival is my favorite festival.
T: Who is it in memory of ?
S2: A great poet, Qu Yuan.
T: What will people do?
S3: People will eat Zongzi and have a dragon boat race.
教师在此基础上创设语境,给学生三幅图,分别是春节、端午节、中秋节,让学生用所给词汇描述图片。围绕:What’s the festival? How do they celebrate? What do they do? 来描述这些节日。引导学生用这些词汇说出完整的句子和篇章,让学生在语境中学习和使用词汇。如:
1)The Spring Festival is the happiest festival in China. It may take place in February. It is on the first day of the first lunar month each year. Most family members get together and have a big meal on the eve of the Spring Festival. In Chinese custom, people often set off firework. It’s an important festival that all look forward to the Spring Festival.
2)Mid-autumn Festival is a time for family reunion. It falls on August 15th of the Lunar calendar. Family members get together to enjoy a big meal. At night, people will sit together, admire the moon and eat moon cakes.