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1.引言随着半导体工艺、功耗、大规模集成电路技术的不断进步,单个芯片上集成了越来越多的晶体管(可达10亿),但受到CMOS制造工艺特征的限制,单个芯片的主频已无过大的提升空间(仅有少数芯片可达5GHz以上的时钟速率)。换句话说,除非芯片制造工艺有所突破,否则单个芯片的主频不会再有提高。随着晶体管集成工艺进入瓶颈,多核、众核并行计算逐渐成为计算性能提升的主要途径;在绿色
1. INTRODUCTION With the continuous improvement of semiconductor technology, power consumption and large scale integrated circuit technology, more and more transistors (up to 1 billion) are integrated into a single chip, but are limited by the characteristics of the CMOS manufacturing process. The main frequency has not been much room for improvement (only a few chips up to 5GHz clock rate). In other words, unless there is a breakthrough in the chip manufacturing process, the clock speed of a single chip will not increase any more. With the transistor integration process into the bottleneck, multi-core, all-nuclear parallel computing has gradually become the main way to improve computing performance; in green