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牛黄为哺乳纲牛科动物牛(Bos Tau rus domes ticus Gmetin)的胆囊结石,称为天然牛黄。牛黄种类繁多,有按产地区分,有按其化学成分分类,也有按牛黄形成的部位不同区别。总的来说牛黄不外乎三类,胆红素黄,胆固醇黄和胆结红素—胆固醇黄。早在《神农本草经》记载,牛黄味苦平,主治惊癎,寒热,热盛狂痉。《本草纲目》引宁源谓:牛黄的功用为清心化热,利痰,凉惊。
Niuhuang is a gallstone of the Bos Tau rus domes ticus Gmetin and is called natural bezoar. There are various types of bezoar, which are classified by production area, classified according to their chemical composition, and differentiated according to the site of bezoar formation. In general, bezoar is nothing more than three categories, bilirubin yellow, cholesterol yellow, and bile red pigment-cholesterol yellow. As early as the “Shen Nong’s Materia Medica” recorded, bitter taste of cattle and yellow, instinctive convulsions, cold and heat, hot boom mad. The “Compendium of Materia Medica” was derived from the source of Ningyuan: The function of Niuhuang is to clear away the heat of the heart, to make it profitable, and to cool down.