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管制性征收是美国法中用来限制土地所有人使用土地的一种政府措施。它有悖于自由主义的所有权观念。随着美国宪法赋予了政府实质性征用土地并给予赔偿的权力,联邦最高法院利用治安权的概念赋予了管制性征收土地合法地位。从20世纪美国联邦最高法院的判决演进来看,管制性征收体现了政府从保护公共利益而逐渐转向衡量市场效果的司法态度。更为重要的是,法院的判决能够帮助我们认知土地所有人到底享有多大的权利范围。
Regulatory expropriation is a government measure in the United States law that limits the use of land by landowners. It runs counter to the notion of ownership of liberalism. With the U.S. Constitution granting the government substantive land expropriation and compensation, the Supreme Court of the United States used the notion of security to confer legal status over controlled expropriation of land. Judging from the evolution of the judgment of the Supreme Court of the United States in the 20th century, the regulatory expropriation reflects the government’s judicial attitude of gradually shifting from protecting the public interest to measuring the market effect. More importantly, the court’s judgment helps us to understand the extent of the rights enjoyed by the landowners.