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森林在减缓全球气候变化和大气CO_2浓度升高上具有重要作用.森林经营与管理下的新造林和森林保护具有显著的固碳功能,其中,新造林和森林保护的固碳速率分别为0.04~7.52、0.33~5.20 t C·hm~(-2)·a~(-1).同时,营造林过程中物资的生产和运输导致边界内产生温室气体排放;营造林导致的活动转移、市场效应和生态环境变化导致边界外产生碳泄漏.本文综述了国内外森林经营与管理活动边界内温室气体排放源的界定、计量方法、温室气体排放量与排放速率;边界外碳泄漏的类型、计量方法与碳泄漏量;净固碳量以及温室气体排放和碳泄漏对固碳的抵消强度.边界内温室气体排放对固碳的抵消强度为0.01%~19.3%,进一步考虑碳泄漏时可增至95%.若仅考虑森林经营与管理在边界内直接产生的温室气体排放与可测量的活动转移碳泄漏,森林经营与管理具有较好的净固碳效益,且相比于农田固碳措施在温室气体净减排方面具有更好的应用前景.随着我国各项重大生态工程新一期的开展和对工程固碳效益的关注,为增加重大生态工程对温室气体的净减排量,有必要在工程开展前进行合理规划、在工程开展过程中加强控制和监测以减少工程实施导致的边界内温室气体排放和边界外碳泄漏.
Forests play an important role in mitigating the global climate change and increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration.The new afforestation and forest protection under the management and management of forests have significant carbon sequestration functions, of which carbon sequestration rates of new afforestation and forest protection are respectively 0.04 ~ 7.52, 0.33 ~ 5.20 t C · hm -2 (-2) · a -1. In the meantime, the production and transportation of materials during the afforestation led to the generation of greenhouse gas emissions within the boundaries; the shift of activities caused by afforestation, the market effect And the change of ecological environment lead to the carbon leakage outside the boundary.This paper reviews the definition, measurement methods, greenhouse gas emissions and emission rates of greenhouse gas sources within the boundaries of domestic and international forest management and management activities; the types and measurement methods of carbon leakage outside borders And carbon leakage; net carbon sequestration, and the offsetting intensity of carbon sequestration by greenhouse gas emissions and carbon leakage. The offsetting intensity of carbon sequestration by greenhouse gases within the boundary is 0.01% -19.3%, further increasing to 95% %. Considering only the greenhouse gas emissions directly generated by the forest management and management and the measurable activities in transferring carbon leakage, the forest management and management have good net carbon sequestration benefits, Carbon sequestration on farmland has better application prospects in terms of net greenhouse gas emission reduction.With the development of a new phase of major ecological projects in China and the concern about the carbon sequestration benefits of the project, in order to increase the impact of major ecological projects on greenhouse gases It is necessary to make rational planning before the project is started and strengthen control and monitoring during the project implementation to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions within the boundary and the extra-boundary carbon leakage caused by the implementation of the project.