Gender differences in behavior are prevalent among animal king-doms.The causal links among a particular gene,neural circuitry,and gendered behaviors have long been of particular interest in neurosci-ence.The fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster,is a wonderful animal model with fruitful genetic tools to tackle these questions(Guo et al.,2019).It has been found that two sex determination genes,fruitless(fru)and doublesex(dsx),jointly govern the sex differences in the nervous system that regulate the male-specific courtship behavior(Burtis and Baker,1989;Ito et al.,1996;Ryner et al.,1996).The male-specific forms of fru(fruM)act in a subset of neurons to establish the potential for courtship behavior(Demir and Dickson,2005;Manoli et al.,2005;Stockinger et al.,2005).In contrast,dsx acts in subsets of both neural and nonneural tissues of males and fe-males to regulate sexual development and behaviors(Rideout et al.,2010;Robinett et al.,2010).