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目的分析北京市海淀区2008~2013年疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价海淀区AEFI监测系统运转情况。方法通过AEFI信息管理系统,收集海淀区2008~2013年报告的AEFI个案数据,采用描述性方法进行流行病学分析。结果 2008~2013年海淀区共报告AEFI 821例,29个街乡镇均有AEFI报告;48 h内报告率为98.78%;48 h调查率为100%。AEFI报告数男、女比例为1.26∶1;≤2岁占56.63%,≥14岁占19.61%;无明显的季节聚集性。AEFI报告发生率为8.75/10万,一般反应报告发生率为4.20/10万,异常反应报告发生率为2.83/10万。不良反应中,一般反应以发热/红肿/硬结为主,异常反应以过敏性皮疹为主。AEFI多发生在接种后24 h,痊愈和好转占99.39%。结论海淀区逐渐建立并完善了AEFI监测系统,系统运转良好,接种工作较为规范,所使用的疫苗安全性较好,但仍需进一步提高一般反应的报告。
Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics of suspected AEFI in Haidian District, Beijing from 2008 to 2013 and evaluate the operation of AEFI in Haidian District. Methods AEFI information management system was used to collect AEFI case data from 2008 to 2013 in Haidian District, and the descriptive method was used for epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 821 cases of AEFI and 29 cases of towns and villages were reported in Haidian District from 2008 to 2013. The reported rate was 98.78% in 48 h and 100% in 48 h. AEFI reported a number of male and female ratio of 1.26:1; ≤ 2 years old accounted for 56.63%, ≥ 14 years old accounted for 19.61%; no significant seasonal aggregation. The incidence of AEFI was 8.75 / 100,000, the incidence of general reaction was 4.20 / 100,000, and the incidence of abnormal reaction was 2.83 / 100,000. Adverse reactions, the general reaction to fever / redness / induration, abnormal reaction to allergic skin rash. AEFI occurred in 24 h after inoculation, recovery and improvement accounted for 99.39%. Conclusion The AEFI monitoring system has gradually been established and perfected in Haidian District. The system is in good condition and the vaccination work is more standardized. The vaccine used is better and the report of general reaction still needs to be further improved.