与文言实词相比,文言虚词有如下特点:语义不甚明确甚至无解,却能表示一定的语法关系,表达一定的语气神情;除代词外,都不能担当句子的主要成分,不能单独用来回答问题,只起辅助作用,帮助实词构造句子,表达意思,语法功能远比文言实词强;数量虽少但使用频率极高,用法灵活多变.由此可以找到学习文言虚词的一般规律:依据具体的语境和语法关系来辨识虚词.以活对活,学会辨识,是攻克学习文言虚词难关的关键所在. Compared with classical words, classical words have the following characteristics: semantics are not clear or even solutions, but they can express a certain grammatical relationship and express a certain tone of expression; besides pronouns, they cannot be used as the main components of sentences, and cannot be used alone. Answering questions only helps, helps the construction of sentences with real words, expresses meanings, and has more grammatical functions than classical vocabulary; there are fewer but more frequently used numbers and more flexible usages. The general rule of learning idioms can thus be found: The specific context and grammatical relationship to recognize the virtual words. To live and live, learn to identify, is the key to overcome the difficulty of learning words and phrases.