过去几十年里,细菌对许多抗生素都产生了耐药性,甚至一些抗生素已丧失抗感染疗效,而且随着其种类的增多,细菌可对多种类型的抗生素产生耐药性。细菌的耐药机制主要包括:阻止抗生素进入细菌细胞中;通过流出泵把抗生素泵出细菌体外,即抗生素的流出。一些抗菌药不能用来抗多种革兰 Bacteria have become resistant to many antibiotics over the past few decades, and even some antibiotics have lost their anti-infective efficacy, and as they grow, bacteria can become resistant to many types of antibiotics. Bacterial drug resistance mechanisms include: to prevent the entry of antibiotics into bacterial cells; pump antibiotics out of the bacteria through the efflux pump in vitro, that is, the outflow of antibiotics. Some antibacterials can not be used against multiple Gram