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USSR5为极早熟的前苏联品种,以抽穗期近等基因系和抽穗期QTL近等基因系为测验品种,对USSR5的抽穗期基因型进行分析,表明USSR5携带了非感光基因e1、无感光功能的Se-1e基因、感光抑制基因i-Se-1和显性早熟基因Ef-1,从而使它表现极早熟的特性。此外,本研究调查了USSR5和N22的BC1F1和F2群体的抽穗期,利用WindowsQTLCartographer1.13a软件,采用复合区间作图法,在全基因组范围内,分析了南京夏季正常日照条件下2个群体的抽穗期QTL,在USSR5/N22//USSR5BC1F1群体,共检测到2个位点,分别位于第7、8染色体上,其LOD值分别是6.11和2.91,对表型总变异的解释率分别为27.38%和11.15%,2个位点上来自USSR5的等位基因均提早抽穗。在USSR5/N22F2群体,共检测到5个位点,分别位于第1、2、7、9、10染色体上。5个位点LOD值介于3.02～8.4,对表型总变异的解释率分别为4.07%和15.41%。除qHd-9外,其余控制抽穗期的4个基因位点上提早抽穗的等位基因均来源于USSR5。比较分析发现效应较大的qHd-7即是Hd4(E1),USSR5在该位点上携带非感光基因hd4(e1)。尽管本研究定位的其它抽穗期QTL和已知抽穗期基因之间尚不能一一对应,但在早熟性水稻品种选育中,USSR5将可作为良好的基因源加以利用。
USSR5 is a very pre-mature variety of the former Soviet Union. Based on the near-isogenic lines at heading stage and the QTL near-isogenic lines at heading stage, USSR5 analyzed the heading date of USSR5, indicating that USSR5 carries non-photosensitive gene e1 and has no light-sensing function Se-1e gene, the photo-suppressor gene i-Se-1 and the dominant premature gene Ef-1, making it very precocious. In addition, we investigated the heading date of BC1F1 and F2 population of USSR5 and N22. Using WindowsQTLCartographer1.13a software, the composite interval mapping method was used to analyze the heading date of two populations in the whole genome of Nanjing during summer sunshine. Two QTLs were detected in the USSR5 / N22 // USSR5BC1F1 population, locating on chromosomes 7 and 8, respectively, with LOD values of 6.11 and 2.91, respectively. The explained rates of total phenotypic variation were 27.38% And 11.15%, respectively. The alleles from USSR5 at two loci were prematurely heading. In the USSR5 / N22F2 population, five loci were detected, located on chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 9 and 10, respectively. The LOD values of the 5 loci ranged from 3.02 to 8.4, and the explained rates of total phenotypic variation were 4.07% and 15.41%, respectively. In addition to qHd-9, the remaining early-heading alleles at the four control heading stages were all derived from USSR5. Comparative analysis found that the effect of larger qHd-7 is Hd4 (E1), USSR5 at this site to carry non-photosensitive gene hd4 (e1). Although other QTLs for heading date and known heading date genes can not be mapped one by one in this study, USSR5 can be used as a good gene source in the breeding of premature rice varieties.