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解放后,全国农村普遍以乡镇行政体制代替了解放前的宗族制度。人民公社制度使国家政权深入到中国农村基层社会。1982年中国农村取消人民公社制恢复了乡镇建制并在农村建立村民自治机构——村民委员会。随着这种社会结构的变迁,乡村民事纠纷的调解机制也经历了民间调解、半官半民调解、诉讼的变化,并逐步向民间调解和诉讼发展。但无论是诉讼还是非诉讼,在乡村解决民事纠纷都面临一个有效性和经济性的课题。完善乡村民间纠纷解决,首先要高度重视、鼓励纠纷当事人协商和解;其次要提高人民调解的及时性与公正性;再次要求仲裁走向乡村,便捷、低价为村民服务;最后,要完善诉讼解决纠纷模式,下决心降低诉讼成本,提高诉讼效率。
After the liberation, the rural areas generally replaced the administrative system of townships before the liberation of the clan system. People’s commune system makes the state power go deep into the rural grassroots society. In 1982, the system of canceling the people’s communes in rural areas of China resumed the system of building townships and towns and established the village self-governing body in rural areas - the village committees. With the change of social structure, the mediation mechanism of rural civil disputes also experienced the changes of civil mediation, half-government and semi-civil mediation and litigation, and gradually to the civil mediation and litigation development. However, whether litigation or non-litigation, in the rural areas to solve civil disputes are facing a valid and economic issues. Improve the settlement of rural civil disputes, we must first attach great importance to encourage the parties involved in the settlement of disputes; secondly, to improve the timeliness and fairness of people’s mediation; once again require arbitration to the village, convenient and cheap to serve the villagers; Finally, to improve litigation to resolve disputes Model, determined to reduce litigation costs and improve litigation efficiency.