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为探明花生脂肪和脂肪酸含量的遗传机制,采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法,分析了栽培/野生种间杂交组合白沙1016×A.monticola的216个重组自交系家系(F10)及其亲本的脂肪及脂肪酸组分含量,建立了相应的遗传模型,并进行了性状间的相关性分析。遗传模型分析结果表明,脂肪和花生酸含量的遗传模型为C,无主基因受多基因控制,其多基因遗传率分别为98.55%和84.81%;油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、山嵛酸和二十四烷酸的遗传均表现为受两对主基因+多基因控制,其主基因遗传率分别为45.08%、46.13%、44.85%、66.55%和65.98%。相关性分析显示,花生脂肪含量与油酸和花生酸含量呈极显著正相关,与亚油酸、棕榈酸、山嵛酸和二十四烷酸含量之间呈极显著负相关。因此在花生高油育种中,提高脂肪含量要注重多基因的积累;选育高油酸等优质专用型品种时,关注主基因遗传的作用时还要考虑到多基因的利用。
In order to find out the genetic mechanism of peanut fat and fatty acid content, 216 recombinant inbred lines (F10) of cultivated / wild interspecific hybrids Baisha 1016 × A. montana were analyzed by using mixed + And their parents fat and fatty acid content, established the corresponding genetic model, and the correlation between the traits. Genetic model analysis showed that the genetic model of fat and arachidic acid content was C, and the major gene was controlled by multiple genes. The polygene heritability rates were 98.55% and 84.81% respectively. Oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, The inheritance of acid and tetracosanoid was controlled by two pairs of major genes + polygene, and the heritabilities of the major genes were 45.08%, 46.13%, 44.85%, 66.55% and 65.98%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between peanut fat content and the content of oleic acid and arachidic acid, and a significant negative correlation with the contents of linoleic acid, palmitic acid, behenic acid and lignoceric acid. Therefore, in peanut high-oil breeding, increasing the fat content should pay attention to the accumulation of multi-genes; breeding high-oleic and other high-quality specialty varieties, the focus on the role of the main gene heredity should also take into account the use of multiple genes.