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【目的】结合北疆气候条件和植棉特点,研究不同氮肥用量对杂交棉叶片光合特性和产量的调节效应,探讨北疆杂交棉氮肥运筹措施,为杂交棉的高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以杂交棉标杂A_1为研究对象,通过设置不同用量氮肥处理,研究不同施氮量对杂交棉叶片光合速率、叶绿素含量、叶簇倾角、叶面积指数等指标变化的影响。【结果】随施氮量增加,杂交棉单株结铃数和单铃重呈现先增加后减少的趋势。在试验条件下,施氮量在374.7～375.6 kg/hm~2时,杂交棉籽棉产量达到最大。施氮量不足或过量,对叶片光合速率、叶绿素含量、叶簇倾角和叶面积指数均产生不同程度的影响,从而影响到光合物质的生产和转移,最终影响到产量。【结论】适宜的施氮量是杂交棉保持较高的光合速率、合理的叶簇倾角和叶面积指数,并获得高产的关键。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to study the regulation effects of different nitrogen rates on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of hybrid cotton leaves, and to explore the nitrogenous fertilizer application strategy of hybrid cotton in northern Xinjiang to provide a theoretical basis for the high-yielding cultivation of hybrid cotton. 【Method】 The hybrid cotton A 1 was taken as the research object. The effects of different nitrogen rates on photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, leaf inclination and leaf area index of hybrid cotton were studied by setting different nitrogen application rates. 【Result】 With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the boll number and single boll weight per plant of hybrid cotton increased first and then decreased. Under the experimental conditions, the yield of hybrid cotton seed cotton reached the maximum when the nitrogen application rate was 374.7 ~ 375.6 kg / hm ~ 2. Inadequate or excessive nitrogen application had different effects on the photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, leaf inclination and leaf area index of leaf, which affected the production and transfer of photosynthetic material and finally affected the yield. 【Conclusion】 The optimum nitrogen application rate is the key to high yield of hybrid cotton in maintaining high photosynthetic rate, reasonable leaf cluster angle and leaf area index.