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以旅游业为主要产业业态的乡村已经成为我国乡村发展转型的4种类型之一。显然,乡村旅游业的发展必然会对乡村农户能源消费模式产生深远的影响。研究以六盘山生态旅游区农户调查数据为基础,从农户人均能源消费总量、结构以及最终消费用途为切入点,探讨了乡村旅游诱导下农户家庭能源消费模式演变的问题。结果表明:在能源消费总量上,乡村旅游农户家庭人均能源消费显著增加,比传统农户高42.96%,达到707.35 kgce。在消费结构上,乡村旅游农户商品能源占主导地位,新型能源(太阳能)广泛采用,传统能源比重逐渐降低,三者的比例93.10∶5.15∶1.75,而传统农户比例是46.30∶0.48∶53.22。在能源最终用途上,乡村旅游农户生活用能(炊事、取暖、家电、交通、热水、照明)总量大幅度增加,而与传统农业生产耗能有关的饲养和农机耗能已基本消失。传统农户能源耗能仍局限于炊事、取暖、饲养等基本的生产生活方面,与生活享受相关的家电、照明、热水、交通仍处于较低水平。研究还表明,农户能源消费模式的转变主要受家庭生产方式、农户用能方式、农户人均收入以及主观认知等因素的影响。在乡村旅游发展诱导下,六盘山生态旅游区乡村家庭农户能源消费正经历着由内向型“生活—生产系统”内部自循环模式向外向型“生活—旅游系统”外部输入型模式的转变。
The villages with tourism industry as the main industry have become one of the four types of transformation of rural development in our country. Obviously, the development of rural tourism will inevitably have a far-reaching impact on rural households’ energy consumption patterns. Based on the survey data of farmers in Liupan Mountain ecotourist area, this study explores the evolution of household energy consumption patterns induced by rural tourism from the perspective of total per capita energy consumption, structure and final consumption of farmers. The results show that per capita energy consumption of rural tourism households increases significantly in total energy consumption, which is 42.96% higher than that of traditional rural households, reaching 707.35 kgce. In terms of consumption structure, rural tourism households dominate the commodity energy supply, new energy (solar energy) is widely used, and the proportion of traditional energy is gradually reduced. The ratio of the three is 93.10:5.15:1.75, while that of the traditional farmer is 46.30:0.48:53.22. In the end-use of energy, the total amount of household energy use (cooking, heating, household appliances, transportation, hot water and lighting) of rural tourism increased substantially while the energy consumption of rearing and agricultural machinery related to the energy consumption of traditional agricultural production has almost disappeared. Energy consumption of traditional peasant households is still limited to basic production and living such as cooking, heating and raising. Household appliances, lighting, hot water and traffic related to the enjoyment of life are still at a low level. The research also shows that the change of peasant households’ energy consumption pattern is mainly affected by such factors as the mode of household production, the mode of household energy use, per capita income of farmers and subjective cognition. Under the guidance of the development of rural tourism, energy consumption of rural households in Liupanshan eco-tourist area is experiencing the transition from internal circulation mode to outward-oriented “life-tourism system ” external input mode Change.