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一、学术生态细节考察缘起:从封建社会到现代中国学术生态一瞥中国的学术生态环境历来复杂,知识分子在封建专制时代敢于讲真话的不说罕见,倘若真有那勇敢无比的讲了,必死无疑。文字狱是中国封建社会著名的历史问题。一般人写文章都歌功颂德,尤其是写进士考试的八股文更是以代圣贤立言的名义倡导帝王独裁,宣传独裁的好处。比如明太祖时代的进士黄子澄写的八股文《天下有道则礼乐征伐自天子出》云:“治道隆于一世,政柄统于一人。”1这是破题,最
First, the origin of the study of academic ecological details: from feudal society to modern Chinese academic ecology at a glance China’s academic environment has always been complicated, the intellectuals in the feudal era of daring to speak the truth, not to mention rare, if there is that brave incomparable say, will die undoubtedly. Literary prison is a well-known historical issue in China’s feudal society. Most people write essays to sing praises, especially the eight-part essay written in the examinations for the sake of scholarship. They even advocated imperial dictatorship and propaganda of dictatorship in the name of acting on behalf of their sages. For example, during the Ming Taizu era, the author of the eight-part essay written by Huang Shicheng, a man of the world,