在学习矛盾特殊性原理时,教材对主要矛盾是这样论述的:“复杂的事物发展过程中所包含的许多矛盾,其地位和作用是不平衡的。其中必有一种矛盾,由于它的存在和发展,规定或影响着其它矛盾的存在和发展。这种处于支配地位,对事物的发展过程起着决定作用的矛盾,叫做主要矛盾。”而高一《思想政治》教材在论述资本主义基本矛盾时,有这样一段表述:“资本主义基本矛盾支配着资本主义社会发展的全过程,并决定和制约着这个社会的其它一切矛盾。”那么,如何理解基本矛盾和主要矛盾的关系呢? 首先,基本矛盾和主要矛盾有根本的区别。基本矛盾是指贯穿于事物发展全过程,并决定整个过程的根本性质的矛盾。它的解决即是事物整个过程的终结,事物的根本性质也就随之发生变化。一个事物包含着许多种矛盾,所有这些矛盾的特殊性对把该事物与其它事物区别开来都有作用,但是其中只有基本矛盾的特殊性对于把该事物与其它事物从根本性质上区别开来具有决定意义。而主要矛盾则是指在复杂事物发展过程中,处于支配地位,对事物发展过程起决定作用的矛盾。某一事物在自身发展的全过程中经历几个阶段,决定于它所包含的主要矛盾。主要矛盾是区分 In studying the principle of contradictory particularity, the textbook discusses the main contradiction as follows: “Many contradictions contained in the development of complex things are unbalanced in their status and role. There must be a kind of contradiction because of its existence and The development, regulation, or influence of the existence and development of other contradictions. This contradiction, which is in a dominant position and plays a decisive role in the development of things, is called the main contradiction.” And Gao Yi’s “ideological and political” textbook deals with basic contradictions in capitalism. At that time, there was such a statement: “The capitalist basic contradictions govern the entire process of capitalist society development and determine and restrict all other contradictions in this society.” So, how do we understand the relationship between basic contradictions and major contradictions? First of all, There are fundamental differences between basic contradictions and major contradictions. The basic contradiction refers to the contradiction that runs through the entire process of development and determines the fundamental nature of the entire process. Its solution is the end of the whole process of things, and the fundamental nature of things will change accordingly. One thing contains many kinds of contradictions. All these particularities of contradiction have an effect on distinguishing this thing from other things, but only the specificity of basic contradiction distinguishes it from other things fundamentally. It is decisive. The main contradiction refers to the contradiction that dominates the development of complex things and plays a decisive role in the process of development. A certain thing goes through several stages in the whole process of its own development, which is determined by the main contradictions it contains. The main contradiction is to distinguish