通过在扫描电镜下进行单轴加载实验，即时观察分析岩石受力过程中微裂纹的萌生、扩展和贯通破坏的全过程，得到各试样的应力应变曲线及其所对应的微结构变化的电镜照片·实验结果表明，岩石试件的变形与破坏过程可以分为裂纹压密、微裂纹萌生和扩展以及断裂破坏３ 个阶段；微裂缝首先在预裂缝周围的拉应力集中区产生，随着外载荷的增加不断扩展，最后形成与最大主应力方向平行的宏观断裂带· Through the uniaxial loading test under the scanning electron microscope, the whole process of initiation, propagation and failure of microcracks in the process of rock stress is observed and analyzed instantaneously, and the stress-strain curves and the corresponding microstructural changes of each specimen are obtained Electron micrographs · The experimental results show that the deformation and failure process of rock specimens can be divided into three stages: crack compacting, initiation and propagation of micro-cracks and fracture failure. The micro-cracks are firstly generated in the tensile stress concentration zone around pre-fracture, The increase of the external load continues to expand, eventually forming a macroscopic fault zone parallel to the direction of the greatest principal stress