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目的研究深海实潜作业中交感-迷走神经对下潜人员心脏功能的调控作用,为评价潜航员工作负荷提供参考。方法 2名潜航员和3名技术人员(作为乘员)参加实验。每次潜航为1名潜航员操作“蛟龙号”携带1名乘员(技术支持)进行实潜作业,持续时间约11 h。记录他们在潜航前和潜航作业全程的心电图,提取R-R间期,计算心率,并对心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)的时域和频域指标进行计算和分析。结果下潜人员的心率都在1 h达到最大并逐渐下降,其中潜航员的心率在1 h~6 h显著高于对照水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),乘员的心率在1 h~4 h显著高于对照水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),之后均恢复到对照水平。相比于对照值,在1 h,10 h,11 h,潜航员的LF/HF升高,HF/TP降低(P<0.01);乘员的SDNN在8 h、9 h和11 h显著高于对照水平(P<0.01)。结论在下潜和上浮阶段,潜航员的交感神经活性升高、迷走神经活性降低,可能与这两个阶段潜航员的工作负荷较高有关。在下潜阶段下潜人员心率的显著升高提示可能存在精神紧张和应激反应。潜航过程中,潜航员的心率逐渐稳定,交感神经兴奋仍有出现,提示在评价潜航员工作负荷时,HRV可能是比心率更敏感的指标。
Objective To study the regulation effect of sympathetic-vagus nerve on the cardiac function of dive workers in the deep-sea submarine submarine operation, and to provide a reference for the evaluation of the submarine’s workload. Methods Two submersibles and three technicians (as crew members) participated in the experiment. Each snorkeling is a submarine operation “dragon number ” to carry 1 crew (technical support) for real work, the duration of about 11 h. The electrocardiograms of their pre-submarine and submarine operations were recorded, R-R intervals were extracted, heart rate was calculated, and time and frequency domain indices of heart rate variability (HRV) were calculated and analyzed. Results The heart rate of dive workers reached the maximum at 1 hour and gradually decreased. Among them, the heart rate of the submarine was significantly higher than that of the control (P <0.05 or P <0.01) between 1 h and 6 h, and the heart rate of the crew was between 1 h and 4 h was significantly higher than the control level (P <0.05 or P <0.01), then returned to the control level. Compared with the control, LF / HF and HF / TP of pilots were decreased (P <0.01) at 1 h, 10 h and 11 h, and SDNN of occupants were significantly higher at 8 h, 9 h and 11 h Control level (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS During the dive and up phase, the sympathetic activity of the submarine increased and the activity of the vagus nerve decreased, which may be related to the higher workload of the two submarines. The significant increase in heart rate during the dive phase indicates that there may be mental stress and stress response. During the snorkelling process, the submarine’s heart rate gradually stabilized and sympathetic nerve excitement still appeared, suggesting that the HRV may be a more sensitive indicator of heart rate in evaluating submarine workload.