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上网电价法和新能源配额制作为两种市场需求拉动型新能源政策,在国外得到广泛运用。欧盟诸国强调政府主导,大多实施上网电价法;而美国各州立足于政府引导市场配置,成为配额制的大本营。学者们围绕这两种政策展开了激烈争论,这场争论实质上是以欧洲为代表的国家干预主义与美国为代表的自由放任主义之间的较量。通过文献梳理和数据分析发现,在经济可行性、政策实施效果和刺激技术进步方面,上网电价法优于新能源配额制。
The grid tariff and the new energy quota system are two types of market demand-driven new energy policies that are widely used abroad. The EU countries emphasize the government-led, most of the implementation of the feed-in tariff; and the United States based on the government to guide the market allocation, a quota system. Scholars have heatedly debated these two policies. The debate is essentially a contest between state interventionism represented by Europe and laissez-faire represented by the United States. Through literature review and data analysis, it is found that the electricity price method is superior to the new energy quota system in terms of economic feasibility, policy implementation effect and stimulation of technological progress.