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隐喻的理解加工机制是隐喻研究领域的重要课题,对它进行研究的历史源远流长。最早可追溯到两千多年前的古希腊哲学家亚里士多德,而最新则可把目光聚焦到词汇语用学的最新成果。亚里士多德最早提出了隐喻的比较理论,并由此开创了视隐喻为隐含比较的学术传统。在这一研究范式下,出现了许多具体的理解加工理论,本文重点介绍了纯匹配理论、突显不平衡理论和域交互理论。总体来看,隐含比较的学术传统取得了许多重要的成果,但是也存有许多分歧,它们对许多具体问题未能形成比较一致的意见,直到新研究范式即概念构建理论的出现。围绕概念构建研究范式,文章着重阐述了三大模型的解释,即范畴函括模型、词汇语用学解释以及Recanati的词汇阐释模型。隐喻理解加工既要应用先前已习得概念,又涉及新概念的构建,即临场概念,这是一个经词汇编码概念的“窄化”与“宽化”的语用调整的结果。本文认为,概念构建的三大研究范式对隐喻理解加工的洞察具有毋庸置疑的开创性,它们打破了自亚里士多德以来视隐喻为隐含比较的学术传统,学术动向值得关注。
Metaphor understanding processing mechanism is an important issue in the field of metaphor research, its history has a long history. Aristotle, the earliest ancient Greek philosopher dating back more than two thousand years ago, was the latest to focus on the latest achievements in vocabulary pragmatics. Aristotle put forward the comparative theory of metaphor for the earliest, and created the academic tradition that metaphor is implicit comparison. In this research paradigm, there are many specific theory of understanding processing, this article focuses on the pure matching theory, highlighting the theory of imbalance and domain interaction theory. On the whole, there are many important achievements in implicit comparative academic tradition, but there are also many differences. They fail to form a consensus on many specific issues until the emergence of a new research paradigm, conceptual construction theory. The research paradigm is built around the concept. The article focuses on the explanation of the three models, namely, the category of functional model, the explanation of lexical pragmatics and the vocabulary interpretation model of Recanati. The metaphor comprehension process involves the use of both the previously acquired concept and the construction of a new concept, the on-the-spot concept, which is the result of a pragmatic adjustment of “narrowing ” and “widening ” of the concept of lexical coding . This paper argues that the three research paradigms of conceptual construction have indisputable groundbreaking insights into metaphor understanding and processing. They break the academic tradition of metaphor implicit comparison since Aristotle, and the academic trends deserve attention.