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目的:分析近3年武汉市及周边地区不同年龄儿童血铅水平及变化趋势。方法:采用钨舟原子吸收光谱法对2006～2008年来儿童医院就诊和体检的24 980例儿童手指末梢血进行铅含量检测。受检儿童按年龄进行分组,并对检测结果进行统计分析。结果:武汉市及周边地区儿童血铅总体均值为58.26μg/L。其中,男性血铅的平均值为60.12μg/L,高于女性血铅的平均值(54.24μg/L),2006～2008年儿童血铅各年度平均值分别为(67.51±31.02)μg/L、(60.97±32.58)μg/L和(50.32±27.55)μg/L。在不同年份各年龄组中,男性血铅均值皆高于女性。24 980例受检儿童血铅水平为:50μg/L以下者占44.51%,51～100μg/L占48.13%、101～200μg/L占6.68%、201μg/L以上者占0.68%。本资料显示儿童血铅水平≥100μg/L(铅中毒)者占受检总数的7.35%,2006～2008年受检儿童铅中毒率分别为15.88%、7.74%和2.13%。与门诊儿童血铅水平进行比较,体检儿童的血铅水平明显偏低,差异具有统计学意义。结论:与以往的资料比较,武汉市儿童的血铅水平以及铅中毒率已明显下降。近3年来,武汉市及周边地区儿童血铅含量呈逐年递减趋势,其中以2008年度受检儿童血铅水平下降尤为明显。
Objective: To analyze the changes of blood lead levels and blood lead levels in Wuhan and its surrounding areas in recent 3 years. Methods: Tungsten boat atomic absorption spectrometry was used to detect lead content of 24 980 children’s finger peripheral blood from children’s hospital for treatment and physical examination from 2006 to 2008. Children under test were grouped by age and the results of the test were statistically analyzed. Results: The average blood lead level of children in Wuhan and surrounding areas was 58.26μg / L. Among them, the average blood lead level in males was 60.12μg / L, which was higher than that of female blood lead levels (54.24μg / L). The average blood lead levels in children from 2006 to 2008 were (67.51 ± 31.02) μg / L , (60.97 ± 32.58) μg / L and (50.32 ± 27.55) μg / L, respectively. In each age group in different years, the mean blood lead of men was higher than that of women. Blood lead levels in 24 980 children were 44.51% below 50μg / L, 48.13% at 51-100μg / L, 6.68% at 101-200μg / L and 0.68% at 201μg / L. The data show that children with blood lead levels ≥ 100μg / L (lead poisoning) accounted for 7.35% of the total number of tests, children from 2006 to 2008 lead poisoning rates were 15.88%, 7.74% and 2.13%. Compared with the level of blood lead in outpatients, blood lead levels in the children were significantly lower, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Compared with the previous data, children’s blood lead levels and lead poisoning rates in Wuhan have dropped significantly. In the past 3 years, the blood lead levels of children in Wuhan and its surrounding areas have been decreasing year by year. Among them, the blood lead levels of children in 2008 were significantly decreased.