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机会平等化是防止社会阶层分割和固化的重要基础。鉴于机会不平等普遍存在的不争事实,选择适宜的政策杠杆撬动社会机会分配格局,必将提升社会阶层结构的流动性。本文遵循机会平等理论,选取公共财政支出工具作为诱导机会格局重构的着力点,从补偿劣势类型者的机会缺口角度,构建了公共财政支出变动引致特定机会集重构的理论分析框架,并采用面板协整分析法及其协整方程的FMOLS估计法对财政支出变动引致机会冲击的机理进行了经验检验。有鉴于此,主张在公共财政负担能力范围内拓展财政补偿弱势类型者机会缺口范畴,促进机会分配格局趋向机会平等化收敛。
Equal opportunity is an important foundation for preventing the social strata from dividing and solidifying. Given the prevalence of unequal opportunities, it is an indisputable fact that the selection of suitable policy levers to mobilize the distribution of social opportunities will certainly increase the mobility of the social strata structure. This paper follows the equal opportunity theory and selects the public expenditure instruments as the focal point to induce the reconstruction of the opportunity landscape. From the perspective of the opportunity gap of those who compensate for the disadvantages, this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of the reconstruction of the specific opportunity set caused by the change of public finance expenditure, Panel cointegration analysis and its cointegration equation FMOLS estimation method for empirical analysis of the mechanism of opportunity impact caused by changes in fiscal expenditure. In view of this, it is proposed to expand the opportunity gap in the fiscal compensation for vulnerable types of people within the scope of affordability of the public finance, and to promote the equalization of opportunities and the equalization of opportunities in the distribution pattern.