清谈与清议在正始以前,两者混通,皆指对人物评议;正始以后两者才有区分,清议专指品评人物,清谈则指谈论玄学。清谈既有积极性也有消极性。积极性表现在打破汉代儒学垄断地位,是一次学术思想大解放,所谈的问题属于宇宙观和哲理的根本问题,超出儒学神学化的范围;消极性则表现空谈哲理,生活放荡,当官不理事,饮酒自娱,以致造成清谈误国的悲剧。其代表人物是晋末宰相清谈家王衍。王衍在被石勒处死前才明白,自己若不尚空谈,努力以匡天下,犹可不至今日。王衍死后,西晋随即灭亡。东晋以后,吸收清谈误国的教训,清谈学术交流形式虽保留,但政治家已知务实理政,故能保住江南半壁江山,不受胡蹄蹂躏。 Before the beginning of the Qing Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, the two were mixed, both referring to the comment on the character. Only after the beginning was the difference between the two. Qing Qing specifically refers to the commentators and the Qing talk refers to talking about metaphysics. Talkative both positive and negative. The enthusiasm manifested in breaking the monopoly position of Confucianism in Han Dynasty was a great emancipation of academic thought. The issues discussed belonged to the fundamental issue of cosmology and philosophy, which exceeded the scope of Confucianism and theology. Negativeness represented empty talk philosophy, debauched life, Drinking and entertainment, resulting in a tragedy of wrong talk. Its representative is the late prime minister Jinyan Wang Yan. Wang Yan was killed before Scholen realized that if they are not yet talked about, efforts to Marina world, still can not today. After the death of Wang Yan, the Western Jin Dynasty perished. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, to absorb the lessons of the talkative state of mistakes and discourses, although the forms of the Qingtu academic exchange were preserved, the politicians, who knew the pragmatic and political systems, were able to keep half of the southern part of Jiangnan from being ravaged by the tiger-hoofs.