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前言近年来,随着社会经济生活的迅速发展、火灾的形式亦变得特殊而复杂,稍微不慎一瞬间就会造成大火灾,给生命财产带来重大损失的危险性正在增加。就最近大楼火灾来说、是否蔓延到其它建筑物中,这与建筑物内所贮存可燃物的种类和数量、建筑物的结构和造型等有关。人身的伤亡随着烟和毒气的充满程度而增加。特别是大城市由于土地的高密度利用,必然造成居住空间立体化。现在有高建筑物越来越高,地下空间越来越深的倾向。这些设施由于封闭性高造成避难困难,这点可从大多数用户对火灾怀着种种不安来予证实。而且,近来的建筑物规模很大,若综合考虑用户各阶层和人数时,则不难予料在火灾时会出现大混乱。因此,有必要对建筑物地下室,尤其地下街可能出现的问题和以遇难疏散为中心的防火措施,加以阐述。
Foreword In recent years, with the rapid development of social and economic life, the form of fire has also become special and complex. A momentary accident will cause a major fire, and the risk of major losses to life and property is increasing. In the case of recent building fires, it has spread to other buildings. This relates to the type and quantity of combustibles stored in buildings, the structure and shape of buildings, and so on. Personal casualties increase with the fullness of smoke and gas. In particular, due to the high density of land use in big cities, it will inevitably lead to a three-dimensional living space. There is a tendency for tall buildings to get higher and higher and underground spaces to get deeper and deeper. These facilities are difficult to evacuate due to the high degree of closure, which can be confirmed by the uneasiness of most users with fire. In addition, recent buildings have a large scale. If all levels and numbers of users are taken into consideration, it is not difficult to predict that chaos will occur in the event of a fire. Therefore, it is necessary to elaborate on the problems that may occur in the basement of a building, especially the underground street, and the fire prevention measures centering on the evacuation.