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东汉崔寔著《四民月令》,开农家月令书之先,是我国古农书系统中别有影响的一部。《四民月令》成书之后,辗转流离,原书未免于亡佚。其现存部分史多不载,仅见于《齐民要术》、《玉烛宝典》的引录,以及之后类书的转抄。该书原貌现已难以知晓,其残篇幸得大家的搜辑校释,史料价值也可昭然后世。遗憾的是,长期以来对该书性质的判定一直存在偏差,传统的观点认为《四民月令》反映的是东汉时期的地主庄园经济,把该书视为地主庄园中生产和生活行事的实录。如已故农史学家石声汉先生曾先后在《四民月令校注》和《中国古农书评价》中申述了这一观点,认为《四民月令》体现的是豪强地主的“相当富有的生活”。笔者就书中二千余字反复研读,并结合考察作者的生世履历,深感此种说法值得商榷,《四民月令》实质上是生活在农村的大众经济活动和日常行事的真实的多方位的反映,而非所谓的庄园经济实录。
The Eastern Han Dynasty Cui 寔 “Si Min Yue”, open the farm month book first, is our country ancient non-agricultural book system does not affect a. After the book “Four People’s Months,” after the book was removed, the original book is undone. The history of its existing part is not contained, only found in the “Qi Min Yao Shu”, “Jade Candle Collection,” the introduction, and after the transfer of class books. The original appearance of the book is now hard to know, its residual article everyone’s favorite school records, the historical value can be apparent. Regrettably, there has been a long history of biases in judging the nature of the book. The traditional view is that the Si Min Yue Shu mirrors the landlord-manor economy in the Eastern Han Dynasty and treats the book as a memoir of the production and life of the landlord manor . For example, the late agricultural historian Mr. Shi Shenghan once stated this view in the Notes of Four People’s Months and the Evaluation of China’s Gu Nong Shu. He thought that the Four People’s Months Order Rich life. “ The author repeatedly studied more than 2,000 words in the book and combined with examining the author’s lifetime experience. It is deeply debatable that the ”Four People’s Month Order" is essentially a matter of mass economic activities and daily routines of living in rural areas Multi-faceted response, not the so-called Manor Economic Record.