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采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机对2A12铝合金进行了单向热压缩变形试验,研究了其在变形温度为320~480℃,应变速率为0.0003~1 s~(-1)条件下的热变形行为,建立了基于动态材料模型的功率耗散效率因子η图,并对热加工图进行了组织验证。结果表明:合金的流变应力随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而降低,在高温区变形机制为动态回复,在低温区变形机制为动态再结晶,主要与合金变形过程中的析出相有关;随着应变量的增大,峰区的η值逐渐升高;当真应变为1.2时,在变形温度为440℃,应变速率为0.1 s~(-1)时,η达到峰值且为48%,合金发生了动态再结晶,晶粒细化且无内裂纹。该结果为2A12铝合金实际热加工工艺的优化提供了理论依据。
The uniaxial hot compression deformation test of 2A12 aluminum alloy was carried out by Gleeble-1500 thermal simulation machine. The hot deformation of 2A12 aluminum alloy under the condition of deformation temperature of 320 ~ 480 ℃ and strain rate of 0.0003 ~ 1 s ~ (-1) Behavior, established a power dissipation efficiency factor η graph based on the dynamic material model, and the heat-processed graph was organized verification. The results show that the flow stress of the alloy decreases with the increase of the deformation temperature and the decrease of the strain rate. The deformation mechanism at the high temperature is dynamic recovery and the deformation mechanism at the low temperature is dynamic recrystallization, which is mainly related to the precipitation during the alloy deformation Η of peak area gradually increases with the increase of strain amount. When the true strain is 1.2, η reaches the peak value at the deformation temperature of 440 ℃ and the strain rate of 0.1 s -1 48%, the alloy dynamic recrystallization, grain refinement and no internal cracks. The results provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of the actual hot working process of 2A12 aluminum alloy.