昆剧始谓昆山腔,简称昆腔,通名昆曲,是中国迄今直以原貌遗留且仍在继续演唱的形态最古老、历史最悠久的戏剧艺术样式。它滥觞于元季的昆山地区,创始者乃昆山千墩(今昆山千灯镇)“善发南曲之奥”(p279)的杰出音乐家顾坚。明嘉靖初太仓魏良辅仰仗民间艺师张野塘、谢林泉的热忱资助,参照北曲演唱风格,汲取海盐和弋阳诸腔优长,大胆改革、勇敢创新,竭力构建起回环婉转、细腻缠绵的“水磨调”歌唱体系,首次提出相对周密精粹的昆腔清唱理论;隆庆末昆山梁辰鱼拍按“水磨调”撰成第一部昆腔剧本《浣纱记》。自此往后,昆腔既从氍毹清唱迅速趋向舞台表演,又从民歌俗曲逐渐易作官腔雅 The beginning of Kunqu Opera called Kunshan Cavity, referred to as Kunqu Opera and Tongqu Name Kunqu Opera, is the oldest form of dramatic art in China that has remained as it is and still continues to be sung. It started in the first quarter of Kunshan, the founder of Kunshan Qiandun (now Kunshan Qiandeng) “good hair South Austrian” (p279) outstanding musician Gu Jian. Ming Jiajing Taicang Wei Liangfu relied folk artists Zhang Ye Tong, Xie Linquan’s enthusiasm for grants, with reference to Beiqu singing style, learn from sea salt and Yiyang excellent, bold reform, brave innovation, trying to build a smooth, delicate and touching “ Water mill tune ”singing system, for the first time put forward the relatively sophisticated essence of Kunqu opera theory; Longqing Kunshan Liang Chen fish press “ Shuimo tune ”into the first opera script“ Huan Shajue. ” Since then, the Kunlun cavalry both from Qionglai quickly toward the stage performance, but also from the folk song vulgar song easy to make the official cavity elegant