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采用核壳型丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(ABS)和纳米碳酸钙(CaCO3)协同改性聚氯乙烯(PVC),制备了注塑级硬质PVC纳米复合材料.通过透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能测试研究了其结构与性能,并采用有限元模拟方法研究了ABS与纳米CaCO3粒子对复合材料断裂行为的影响.当CaCO3含量低于12 phr时,ABS和纳米CaCO3粒子在PVC基体中分散均匀,可起协同增韧作用.在外力作用下,ABS粒子形变主要以内空化方式进行.CaCO3未发生团聚时,CaCO3与PVC基体界面在外力作用下形成微孔;CaCO3发生团聚时,CaCO3与PVC基体界面处形成较大的裂纹.有限元分析结果表明,未发生团聚时,CaCO3和ABS粒子均可提高PVC基体的局部内应力,促使材料发生局部塑性屈服,导致复合材料屈服强度降低、冲击强度提高.
The injection molding grade rigid PVC nanocomposites were prepared by the synergistic modification of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with the core-shell acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymer (ABS) and nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3) TEM and SEM were used to study the structure and properties of the composites. The effects of ABS and nano-CaCO3 particles on the fracture behavior of the composites were studied by finite element method. When the content of CaCO3 was lower than 12 phr, And nano-CaCO3 particles dispersed uniformly in the PVC matrix can play a synergistic toughening effect. Under the external force, the deformation of the ABS particles is mainly carried out by the internal cavitation. When the CaCO3 does not agglomerate, the interface between the CaCO3 and the PVC matrix is formed under the action of external force When CaCO3 is agglomerated, large cracks are formed at the interface between CaCO3 and PVC matrix.The results of finite element analysis show that CaCO3 and ABS particles can improve the local internal stress of PVC matrix and promote the local plastic yield , Resulting in reduced yield strength of the composite material and improved impact strength.