前言从石油中制取芳烃的品种,主要是苯、甲苯、二甲苯和萘。其中前三种尤为重要(简称B、T、X)。近年来,随着塑料、合成纤维、合成橡胶三大合成材料以及洗涤剂、染料、医药、农药的迅速发展,作为它们的原料,芳烃的需要量也迅速增加,大有供不应求之势。以美国为例,若以1970年为100％,到1980年估计需要量:苯将增长1倍,甲苯增长50％,二甲苯增长1.3倍。芳烃主要来源于重整油和热裂汽油,在美国予计1980年重整芳烃占芳烃总量的86％,热裂汽油芳烃近10％,其余为煤焦油芳烃。重整油中苯含量约6～9％,甲苯20～26％,二甲 Foreword Aromatic hydrocarbons from the oil-producing species, mainly benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene. The first three are especially important (referred to as B, T, X). In recent years, with the rapid development of three synthetic materials of plastics, synthetic fibers and synthetic rubbers as well as detergents, dyes, pharmaceuticals and pesticides, as their raw materials, the demand for aromatics has also rapidly increased, which is in great demand. In the United States, for example, if the level of demand was estimated to be 100% by 1970 and 1980, benzene would have doubled, toluene would have increased 50% and xylene increased 1.3 times. Aromatics mainly come from reforming and pyrolysis gasoline. In the United States, it is estimated that in 1980, the reformed aromatic hydrocarbons account for 86% of the total aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrolysis gasoline nearly 10% and the rest coal tar aromatic hydrocarbons. The content of benzene in reformate is about 6 ~ 9%, toluene 20 ~ 26%, dimethyl