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目的本文通过对358例独生子女病残儿病因进行分析,了解出生缺陷发生的原因,制定优生优育管理措施。方法根据国家计划生育委员会(简称计生委)《独生子女病残儿医学鉴定及其父母再生育指导原则》,由县计划生育局(简称计生局)组织初筛合格后报市计划生育委员会,经市计生委独生子女病残儿医学鉴定委员会鉴定,确诊为病残儿。结果358例病残儿中遗传性疾病122例,占34.08%,其中多基因遗传病76例,居首位,占遗传性疾病的62.30%,病种以先天性心脏病最多;非遗传性疾病236例,占65.92%,非遗传性疾病中以神经系统疾病最多,共113例,占非遗传性疾病的47.88%。结论搞好优生优育工作,降低出生缺陷已迫在眉睫,只有普及优生优育知识,做好各期优生咨询,孕前优生检测,预防病毒感染,加强围产期保健,积极做好产前优生监护和各种筛查,及时做好产前诊断和优生指导,才能提高出生人口素质。
Objective To analyze the etiopathogenisis of 358 one-child children, understand the causes of birth defects, and develop the management measures of eugenics and etiology. Methods According to the Guiding Principles of Medical Identification of Disabled Children and Reproduction of Parents with One Child Elighed by the State Family Planning Commission (hereinafter referred to as Family Planning Commission), the Family Planning Commission of the County (referred to as the Family Planning Bureau) Municipal Family Planning Commission, the only child disabled children identification of medical appraisal, diagnosed as disabled children. Results Of the 358 cases of disabled children, 122 cases were genetic diseases, accounting for 34.08% of all cases. Among them, 76 cases had polygenic inheritance, accounting for 62.30% of the total, with most cases of congenital heart disease. Non-genetic diseases 236 cases, accounting for 65.92%. Among the non-hereditary diseases, there were 113 cases of nervous system diseases, accounting for 47.88% of non-hereditary diseases. Conclusions It is imminent to do a good job in prenatal and postnatal care and to reduce the birth defect. Only by popularizing the knowledge of prenatal and postnatal care, we should do well in prenatal counseling, prenatal detection of prenatal euthymes, prevention of viral infection, enhancement of perinatal care, Screening, timely prenatal diagnosis and guidance of eugenics, in order to improve the quality of the population born.