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目的了解2014-2016年长沙市辖区内麻疹流行特征,为消除麻疹提供依据和参考。方法采用描述性方法对2014-2016年长沙市辖区内麻疹实验室确诊病例进行流行病学特征分析,讨论麻疹消除措施与策略。结果 2014-2016年共检测905份麻疹疑似病例咽拭子,麻疹病毒核酸阳性367例,阳性率为40.55%。2014-2016年报告疑似麻疹病例数分别为456、232、217例,呈逐年下降趋势,实验室检测麻疹病毒核酸阳性率分别为25.66%、51.72%、59.91%,呈上升趋势;每年3-7月为麻疹高发期,2016年麻疹发病时间有前移的现象,年初快速上升,4月份达到高峰,然后逐渐下降,12月出现明显上升;长沙城区比近郊多发;麻疹病毒核酸阳性病例人群中有53.13%未接种含麻疹成分疫苗(Measles-Containing Vaccine,MCV),已接种MCV的只占5.54%,MCV免疫史不详的占10.08%。其中8~23月龄婴儿在麻疹病毒核酸阳性病例中比例最高,占45.23%。结论 2014-2016年报告麻疹疑似病例数呈下降趋势,麻疹消除工作取得较大进展。在坚持执行当前麻疹策略前提下,应加强对麻疹免疫薄弱地区和易感人群的麻疹监测,制定MCV补种策略,达到完全消除麻疹的目的。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Changsha City from 2014 to 2016 and provide the basis and references for the elimination of measles. Methods The descriptive method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles laboratory in Changsha area from 2014 to 2016 and the measles elimination measures and strategies were discussed. Results A total of 905 suspicious measles cases were detected from 2014 to 2016. Throat swabs and 367 cases of measles virus were positive. The positive rate was 40.55%. The number of suspected measles cases in 2014-2016 was 456,232,217 cases, showing a decreasing trend year by year. The positive rates of laboratory measles virus nucleic acids were 25.66%, 51.72% and 59.91% respectively, showing an upward trend; the annual incidence of 3-7 Month of high incidence of measles, measles measles onset in 2016 there is a move forward, the rapid rise early in April peaked, and then gradually decreased in December increased significantly; Changsha urban area more than the outskirts; measles virus nucleic acid positive population 53.13% did not inoculate Measles-Containing Vaccine (MCV), only 5.54% had MCV inoculation, and 10.08% did not know the history of MCV immunization. 8 to 23 months of age, the highest proportion of measles virus nucleic acid positive cases, accounting for 45.23%. Conclusions The number of suspected cases of measles in 2014-2016 report a downward trend, and great progress has been made in eliminating measles. On the premise of implementing the current measles policy, we should strengthen the monitoring of measles in areas with measles immunization and susceptible populations and formulate MCV replanting strategies so as to completely eliminate measles.