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在应用双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗慢乙肝期间，重点观察了Ｔ细胞亚群（ＣＤ３，ＣＤ４，ＣＤ８）、ＮＫ细胞（ＣＤ（１６））、白细胞介素Ⅱ（ＩＬ－２）分泌细胞、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）等细胞免疫指标治疗前后的动态变化，同时观察了病人血内毒素水平的动态变化和乙肝病毒标志物（ＨＢＶＭ）的改变。结果表明：（１）与对照组比较，双歧杆菌活菌制剂可使慢乙肝病人ＣＤ３＋，ＣＤ４＋数目明显增多，而对ＣＤ８＋细胞数目无明显影响；（２）双歧杆菌活菌制剂可使ＣＡＨ组的ＣＤ１６＋细胞显著增多（ｐ＜０．０５）；使ＣＡＨ组和ＣＰＨ组的ＩＬ－２分泌细胞均有非常显著和显著增加（分别ｐ＜０．０１和ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）ＣＡＨ组病人血中内毒素和ＴＮＦ水平在双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗后，匀出现非常显著降低（ｐ＜０．０１）；ＣＰＨ组ＴＮＦ水平较对照组无显著变化，但内毒素水平较对照组显著降低（ｐ＜０．０５）；（４）满疗程后（６０天）ＣＡＨ组有６例，ＣＰＨ组有５例ＨＢｅＡｇ阴转（分别为２６．０６％和２５．０％），而对照组仅２例阴转（１３．３３％），两治疗组与对照组比较有显著性差异（ｐ＜０．０５）。
During the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with live bifidobacterium preparations, we observed the changes of T cell subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8), NK cells (CD (16)), interleukin 2 (IL- (TNF) and other cellular immune indicators before and after treatment of dynamic changes, while observing the patient’s blood endotoxin levels and hepatitis B virus markers (HBVM) changes. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the control group, the viable Bifidobacterium preparation could significantly increase the number of CD3 + and CD4 + in chronic hepatitis B patients and had no significant effect on the number of CD8 + cells. (2) The viable Bifidobacterium (P <0.05); IL-2 secreting cells in both CAH and CPH groups were significantly and significantly increased (p <0.01 and p <0.05, respectively); (3 ) The levels of endotoxin and TNF in the blood of CAH patients were significantly decreased (P <0.01) after treatment with viable Bifidobacterium. The levels of TNF in CPH group were not significantly changed compared with the control group, but the levels of endotoxin (P <0.05). (4) Six patients in CAH group and six patients in CPH group had HBeAg negative conversion (26.06% and 25.0% respectively) after the full course of treatment (60 days) While the control group only 2 cases of negative (13.33%), two treatment groups compared with the control group had significant differences (p <0.0 ).