论文部分内容阅读
海詞积累
1.nurture v. 养育
2.jurisdiction n. 管辖权
3.emission n. 排放
4.drone n. 无人机
5.sonar n. 声呐
6.supervision n. 监管
7.be subject to 易受某事（尤指坏事）影响
8.submit to （尤指无可选择时）同意服从（遵守）
1.What is the current status of the ocean being treated unfairly by human？
2.Are there any reasons behind humans self?destructive behaviour towards the ocean？
3.How can we improve the health of the ocean？
Earth is poorly named. The ocean covers almost three?quarters of the planet. Humans have long assumed that the oceans size allowed them to put anything they wanted into it and to take anything they wanted out. Changing temperatures and chemistry， overfishing and pollution have stressed its ecosystems for decades. The ocean nurtures humanity. Humanity treats it with disrespect.
Such self?destructive behaviour demands explanation. Three reasons for it stand out. One is geography. The ocean is beyond the horizon and below the waterline. The damage being done to its health is visible in a few places. But for the most part， the sea is out of sight and out of mind.
A second problem is governance. The ocean is subject to a mixture of laws and agreements. Enforcement （强制实施） is hard and motivations often differ. Waters outside national jurisdictions are shared places. Without defined （明确的） property rights or a community investing in their protection， the interests of individuals in exploiting （利用） such areas win out over the collective interests in developing them carefully.
Third， the ocean is a victim of other， bigger processes. The emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is changing the sea environment along with the rest of the planet. The ocean has warmed by 0.7 ℃ since the 19th century， damaging corals and driving creatures to move towards the poles in search of cooler waters. Greater concentrations of carbon dioxide in the water are making it more acidic （酸性的）， which tends to harm creatures.
Some of these problems are easier to deal with than others. “Ocean blindness” can be cured by access to information. And indeed， improvements in computing power， satellite imaging and drones are bringing the ocean into better view than ever before. Work is under way to map the sea floor in detail using sonar technology. On the surface， drones can get to remote， stormy places at a far smaller cost. From above， tiny satellites， weighing 1 to 10 kilograms， are used to monitor the fishing ships. Transparency can also relieve （缓解） the second difficulty of ocean governance. More scientific data ought to improve the supervision of new industries. Satellite monitoring can provide clues to illegal fishing activity. Besides， such data make it easier to enforce codes （法规） like the Port State Measures Agreement， which requires foreign ships to submit to inspections at any port of call and requires port states to share information on any suspected wrongdoing they find.
Thanks to technology， the oceans expanse and remoteness are becoming less scaring. Mankind is increasingly able to see the damage it is doing to the ocean. Whether it can stop it is another question.
—— From The Economist
文本探究
探究视角1：语篇分析
海洋面积辽阔，储水量巨大，因而长期以来是地球上最稳定的生态系统。然而近几十年，随着世界工业的发展，海洋污染也日趋严重，这使得局部海域环境发生了很大变化，并有继续扩散的趋势。究竟是哪些因素导致了如今的海洋问题呢？这些问题又该如何解决呢？这些问题都可以在本文中找到答案。文章的篇章结构如下：
探究视角2：语言学习
I.文本填空
1.The damage （do） to its health is visible in a few places.
2.The emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere （change） the sea environment along with the rest of the planet.
3.The ocean （warm） by 0.7 ℃ since the 19th century， damaging corals and driving creatures to move towards the poles in search of cooler waters.
4.Greater concentrations of carbon dioxide in the water are making it more acidic， tends to harm creatures.
5.From above， tiny satellites， （weigh） 1 to 10 kilograms， are used to monitor the fishing ships.
6.Besides， such data make easier to enforce codes like the Port State Measures Agreement， which requires foreign ships to submit to inspections at any port of call.
Ⅱ.写作推荐
1.探求现象背后的原因：...demands explanation. Three reasons for it stand out.
Such self?destructive behaviour demands explanation. Three reasons for it stand out.这种自我毁灭式的行为需要进行解释。这主要有三个突出的原因。
当我们交代某一现象之后需要分析背后的原因时，可以通过该句式实现衔接和过渡。
【例句仿写】英国年轻人之所以买不起本地区最便宜的房子需要分析一下，这主要有三个原因。
2.现在分词作结果状语
The ocean has warmed by 0.7 ℃ since the 19th century， damaging corals and driving creatures to move towards the poles in search of cooler waters.19世纪以来，海洋温度已经升高了0.7摄氏度，这破坏了珊瑚，并且促使各种生物向极地地区迁徙，以寻求温度更低的水域。
在本句中，现在分词damaging和driving引导结果状语，表示前面行为所引起的是自然而然的结果，相当于定语从句which damages corals and drives creatures。
【例句仿写】大自然给香格里拉提供了无尽的天然宝藏，这使得这片土地成为当地居民的幸福家园。
探究视角3：文化拓展
太平洋“第八块大陆”正在形成
除了人们所知的七个大陆之外，在太平洋最人迹罕至的地方，又有一个“新大陆”正在生成——这个“新大陆”完全是由垃圾堆起来的，人们把它称为“第八大陆”。
最近一项研究表明，在太平洋从美国加利福尼亚州至夏威夷地区，共充斥着1.8万亿件人类生产的塑料碎片，总重量约为7.9万吨，占据的面积几乎是10个河南省面积的总和，成为名副其实的“世界上最大的垃圾场”。
调查表明，这一地区的塑料垃圾量比此前预计的多4到16倍，并且由于洋流和人为的原因，塑料还在继续积聚。研究人员称，该地区堆积的塑料量呈指数增长，被形象地称为“太平洋垃圾填埋场”。这些垃圾碎片的种类分布甚广，从细小的碎屑到巨大的废弃渔网，其中46%是百年难以分解的塑料，情形令人担忧。
垃圾岛所在海域的海水都充斥着有毒的化学物和细小的塑料碎片，而这些又被鱼类吃到肚子里。据悉，现在每条海鱼的肚子里最多能发现26块塑料碎片。有专家还警告称，这些被鱼类吞下的有毒物質将进入人类的食物链中，危害到人们的健康。
面对海洋污染，我们能做什么？历史终将证明，人人参与是最好的选择。
1.nurture v. 养育
2.jurisdiction n. 管辖权
3.emission n. 排放
4.drone n. 无人机
5.sonar n. 声呐
6.supervision n. 监管
7.be subject to 易受某事（尤指坏事）影响
8.submit to （尤指无可选择时）同意服从（遵守）
1.What is the current status of the ocean being treated unfairly by human？
2.Are there any reasons behind humans self?destructive behaviour towards the ocean？
3.How can we improve the health of the ocean？
Earth is poorly named. The ocean covers almost three?quarters of the planet. Humans have long assumed that the oceans size allowed them to put anything they wanted into it and to take anything they wanted out. Changing temperatures and chemistry， overfishing and pollution have stressed its ecosystems for decades. The ocean nurtures humanity. Humanity treats it with disrespect.
Such self?destructive behaviour demands explanation. Three reasons for it stand out. One is geography. The ocean is beyond the horizon and below the waterline. The damage being done to its health is visible in a few places. But for the most part， the sea is out of sight and out of mind.
A second problem is governance. The ocean is subject to a mixture of laws and agreements. Enforcement （强制实施） is hard and motivations often differ. Waters outside national jurisdictions are shared places. Without defined （明确的） property rights or a community investing in their protection， the interests of individuals in exploiting （利用） such areas win out over the collective interests in developing them carefully.
Third， the ocean is a victim of other， bigger processes. The emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is changing the sea environment along with the rest of the planet. The ocean has warmed by 0.7 ℃ since the 19th century， damaging corals and driving creatures to move towards the poles in search of cooler waters. Greater concentrations of carbon dioxide in the water are making it more acidic （酸性的）， which tends to harm creatures.
Some of these problems are easier to deal with than others. “Ocean blindness” can be cured by access to information. And indeed， improvements in computing power， satellite imaging and drones are bringing the ocean into better view than ever before. Work is under way to map the sea floor in detail using sonar technology. On the surface， drones can get to remote， stormy places at a far smaller cost. From above， tiny satellites， weighing 1 to 10 kilograms， are used to monitor the fishing ships. Transparency can also relieve （缓解） the second difficulty of ocean governance. More scientific data ought to improve the supervision of new industries. Satellite monitoring can provide clues to illegal fishing activity. Besides， such data make it easier to enforce codes （法规） like the Port State Measures Agreement， which requires foreign ships to submit to inspections at any port of call and requires port states to share information on any suspected wrongdoing they find.
Thanks to technology， the oceans expanse and remoteness are becoming less scaring. Mankind is increasingly able to see the damage it is doing to the ocean. Whether it can stop it is another question.
—— From The Economist
文本探究
探究视角1：语篇分析
海洋面积辽阔，储水量巨大，因而长期以来是地球上最稳定的生态系统。然而近几十年，随着世界工业的发展，海洋污染也日趋严重，这使得局部海域环境发生了很大变化，并有继续扩散的趋势。究竟是哪些因素导致了如今的海洋问题呢？这些问题又该如何解决呢？这些问题都可以在本文中找到答案。文章的篇章结构如下：
探究视角2：语言学习
I.文本填空
1.The damage （do） to its health is visible in a few places.
2.The emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere （change） the sea environment along with the rest of the planet.
3.The ocean （warm） by 0.7 ℃ since the 19th century， damaging corals and driving creatures to move towards the poles in search of cooler waters.
4.Greater concentrations of carbon dioxide in the water are making it more acidic， tends to harm creatures.
5.From above， tiny satellites， （weigh） 1 to 10 kilograms， are used to monitor the fishing ships.
6.Besides， such data make easier to enforce codes like the Port State Measures Agreement， which requires foreign ships to submit to inspections at any port of call.
Ⅱ.写作推荐
1.探求现象背后的原因：...demands explanation. Three reasons for it stand out.
Such self?destructive behaviour demands explanation. Three reasons for it stand out.这种自我毁灭式的行为需要进行解释。这主要有三个突出的原因。
当我们交代某一现象之后需要分析背后的原因时，可以通过该句式实现衔接和过渡。
【例句仿写】英国年轻人之所以买不起本地区最便宜的房子需要分析一下，这主要有三个原因。
2.现在分词作结果状语
The ocean has warmed by 0.7 ℃ since the 19th century， damaging corals and driving creatures to move towards the poles in search of cooler waters.19世纪以来，海洋温度已经升高了0.7摄氏度，这破坏了珊瑚，并且促使各种生物向极地地区迁徙，以寻求温度更低的水域。
在本句中，现在分词damaging和driving引导结果状语，表示前面行为所引起的是自然而然的结果，相当于定语从句which damages corals and drives creatures。
【例句仿写】大自然给香格里拉提供了无尽的天然宝藏，这使得这片土地成为当地居民的幸福家园。
探究视角3：文化拓展
太平洋“第八块大陆”正在形成
除了人们所知的七个大陆之外，在太平洋最人迹罕至的地方，又有一个“新大陆”正在生成——这个“新大陆”完全是由垃圾堆起来的，人们把它称为“第八大陆”。
最近一项研究表明，在太平洋从美国加利福尼亚州至夏威夷地区，共充斥着1.8万亿件人类生产的塑料碎片，总重量约为7.9万吨，占据的面积几乎是10个河南省面积的总和，成为名副其实的“世界上最大的垃圾场”。
调查表明，这一地区的塑料垃圾量比此前预计的多4到16倍，并且由于洋流和人为的原因，塑料还在继续积聚。研究人员称，该地区堆积的塑料量呈指数增长，被形象地称为“太平洋垃圾填埋场”。这些垃圾碎片的种类分布甚广，从细小的碎屑到巨大的废弃渔网，其中46%是百年难以分解的塑料，情形令人担忧。
垃圾岛所在海域的海水都充斥着有毒的化学物和细小的塑料碎片，而这些又被鱼类吃到肚子里。据悉，现在每条海鱼的肚子里最多能发现26块塑料碎片。有专家还警告称，这些被鱼类吞下的有毒物質将进入人类的食物链中，危害到人们的健康。
面对海洋污染，我们能做什么？历史终将证明，人人参与是最好的选择。