章武生在《中国法学》2003年第1期撰文指出,司法公正包括实体公正和程序公正,由于实体公正具有很强理想性的特点而使程序公正具有了确保实体公正得以实现的关键性措施,并以此形成了所谓程序先于真实、程序具有独立价值的先进的程序正义思想。程序保障的核 Zhang Wusheng wrote in Chinese Legal Science, Issue 1, 2003 that judicial impartiality includes substantive justice and procedural fairness. Due to the fact that the fairness of the entity has strong ideals, procedural fairness has the key measure to ensure that substantive justice can be achieved. And thus formed the so-called program prior to the truth, the program has an independent value of advanced procedural justice. Procedural safeguards