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免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(immune thrombocytopenia,ITP)是儿童时期最常见的出血性疾病,ITP患者血液循环中血小板数量小于100×109/L,儿童ITP每年发病率大约4/10万,年幼儿更加多见,通常患病前为完全健康儿童,多数为良性自限性病程,仅有极少数患者会出现危及生命的严重出血表现。80%以上患儿为急性病程,1年内血小板完全恢复正常;仅有20%左右患者转为慢性。目前针对严重出血倾向ITP的治疗仍为糖皮质激素,注射用丙种球蛋白,抗D免疫球蛋白等;而对于无症状型及轻型病例,随着对于该病的逐渐了解,临床医生的诊疗观念也有很大改变,从必须纠正血小板至正常水平到采取观察和等待(Watch and Wait)的方式转变。
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is the most common hemorrhagic disease in childhood. The number of platelets in blood circulation of ITP patients is less than 100 × 109 / L, and the annual incidence of ITP in children is about 4 / 100,000 and more in young children More common, usually before the illness is completely healthy children, the majority of benign and self-limiting course of the disease, only a very small number of patients will appear life-threatening severe bleeding performance. More than 80% of children with acute course of disease, platelets within 1 year completely returned to normal; only about 20% of patients turned to chronic. The current treatment for severe bleeding tendency ITP is still glucocorticoid, injection of gamma globulin, anti-D immunoglobulin, etc .; and for asymptomatic and mild cases, with the gradual understanding of the disease, the clinician’s concept of treatment There has also been a dramatic shift from having to correct platelets to normal levels to taking the form of Watch and Wait.