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中子小角散射属于相干弹性散射,确切地讲应该称作“低q散射”。小角散射的出现,是由于样品中存在尺度大于原子间距离的不均匀结构,从而具有中子散射长度密度差异。小角散射前后散射矢量大小不变,但方向发生了改变。文章对中子小角散射实验方法进行了系统介绍,包括归纳了中子散射基本理论和几个重要的近似法则,详细介绍了中子小角散射实验准备方法以及实验测量过程,同时对数据处理方法和实验数据处理结果的误差判定作了简介。
Small-angle neutron scattering belongs to coherent elastic scattering, which should be called “low q-ray scattering”. The appearance of small-angle scattering is due to the presence of a non-uniform structure in the sample that has a larger scale than the distance between atoms and therefore has a difference in neutron scattering length density. Before and after the small-angle scattering scattering vector size unchanged, but the direction has changed. The article introduces the experimental method of small-angle scattering of neutron, including the basic theory of neutron scattering and several important approximations. The preparation methods of small-angle neutron scattering experiments and the experimental measuring process are introduced in detail. At the same time, The error judgment of the experimental data processing result is introduced briefly.