捷裔法籍作家米兰·昆德拉是一位存在意识较为强烈的小说家。昆德拉与海德格尔、萨特等哲学家既在存在观念上有内在联系,又在入思方式上形成深刻差异。以塞万提斯为例,昆德拉指出了哲学家对“存在”领域的遮蔽以及小说家对敞亮“存在”的独特贡献。小说的相对性立场与怀疑论态度,使其中的“存在”成为一种对话式、开放自由的思想,不同于哲学式的思辨概念。穆齐尔所代表的小说“第三时”美学──沉思的美学,在把握存在主题上做出了积极的探索;而这一沉思的传统在20世纪遭到漠视。重新发扬小说“诗性地沉思存在”的传统,正是当代小说家的重要使命之一。 Czech Republican writer francois Milan Kundera is a strong sense of existence novelist. Kundera and Heidegger, Sartre and other philosophers not only inherently exist in the concept of existence, but also form a profound difference in the way of thinking. In the case of Cervantes, Kundera points out the philosophers’ obscuring the realm of Being and the novelist’s unique contribution to the lightness and the existence. The relative position and skepticism of the novel make “” “existence ” therein become a kind of dialogue-style and open-mindedness, which is different from philosophical speculative concept. Musil’s novels, “third-period” aesthetics - contemplative aesthetics, actively explored the subject of existence; and this contemplative tradition was ignored in the twentieth century. It is one of the important missions of contemporary novelists to re-promote the novel “poetically contemplate the existence of ”.