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俄罗斯联邦奥廖尔州是著名作家屠格涅夫的诞生地。俄语“奥廖尔”即是“鹰”之意。这只生长在苏联欧洲部分中部的鹰,长期赢弱难飞,现却乘改革之风展翅了。振起沉重的翅膀奥廖尔州属非黑土地带,以农业为主。那里的土质、自然条件都不太好,农作物产量低。直到1985年每公顷粮食单产只有12—13公担(合亩产不到90公斤)。全州400多个农庄农场,有70％是不赢利或亏损的。生产上不去,生活水平低,致使人员大量外流。至80年代中,全州有70多个历史悠久的村庄几乎人去室空,已不复存在了。曾几何时,奥廖尔州大大改观了:在1986年和1987年两年内,农业总产值比上五年提高了18％、劳动生产率提高了27％,353个亏损单位只剩下了9个;
Oryol State Russian Federation is the birthplace of the famous writer Turgenev. Russian “Orel” is the “eagle” means. The eagle, which grew up in the middle of the European part of the Soviet Union, has long been weak and weak, but has now wrested the wind of reform. Energize the heavy wings Orel state is a non-black land, dominated by agriculture. Where the soil, natural conditions are not good, low crop yields. Until 1985, the yield per hectare of grain was only 12-13 hectares (less than 90 kilograms per mu). More than 400 farms across the state farm, 70% are not profitable or loss. Production does not increase, low standard of living, resulting in a large number of staff outflow. By the mid-1980s, almost all of the more than 70 historic villages in Jeonju went empty and disappeared. Once upon a time, the state of Oryan greatly changed: in 1986 and 1987, the total agricultural output value increased by 18% over the previous five years, labor productivity increased by 27%, leaving only 353 loss-making units;