综述了微孔炭微观结构研究的最新进展，介绍了以活性炭纤维（ＡＣＦ）为代表的微孔炭的纳米孔空间有别于宏观炭材料表面的性质．主要内容有：微孔炭中，超微粒子构筑而成的纳米孔空间是一个强大分子场形成的高压空间；微孔中形成的吸附态分子与体相分子性质大不相同；通过调整孔尺度和微表面结构可以调节纳米孔空间性质 The recent progress in the study of microstructure of microporous carbon is reviewed. The properties of micropore carbon represented by activated carbon fiber (ACF) are different from the surface of macroscopic carbon material. The main contents are as follows: In the microporous carbon, the nanopore space constructed by the ultrafine particles is a high pressure space formed by a strong molecular field; the adsorbed molecules formed in the micropores have very different properties from the bulk molecules; by adjusting the pore size and Micro-surface structures can modulate the nanopore’s spatial properties